Upper Airway

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(ENT) Specials Fichas sobre Upper Airway, creado por Liam Musselbrook el 08/12/2016.
Liam Musselbrook
Fichas por Liam Musselbrook, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Liam Musselbrook
Creado por Liam Musselbrook hace casi 8 años
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Pregunta Respuesta
What is the difference between stridor and stertor Stridor: high-pitched noisy sound occurring during inhalation or exhalation, can be 'musical' Stertor: 'snoring', inspiratory sound, low pitched snoring or snuffly sound
Causes of upper airway obstruction Foreign body Anaphylaxis Chemical burns Laryngitis/URI Peritonsillar/retropharyngeal abscess Malignancy Vocal cord palsy
Indications for tracheostomy Obstruction of the upper airway Impaired respiratory function - eg, head trauma leading to unconsciousness, bulbar poliomyelitis. To assist weaning from ventilatory support To help clear secretions in the upper airway
Routine management of tracheostomy Humidification Suctioning Tube and tube tie changes Stoma cleaning
Complications of tonsilitis Otitis media Quinsy - peritonsillar abscess
Centor criteria for tonsilitis - Tonsillar exudate - Tender anterior cervical adenopathy - Fever over 38°C (100.5°F) by history -Absence of cough. If 3 or 4 of Centor criteria are met, the positive predictive value is 40% to 60%. Absence of 3 or 4 of the Centor criteria has a fairly high negative predictive value of 80%
Indications for tonsillectomy Sore throats are due to tonsillitis The person has 7 in 1yr, 5 in 2yrs or 3 in 3 yrs Symptoms have been occurring for at least a year The episodes of sore throat are disabling and prevent normal functioning *recurrent febrile convulsions secondary to episodes of tonsillitis * obstructive sleep apnoea, stridor or dysphagia * Quinsy if unresponsive to standard treatment
Complications of tonsillectomy Primary (< 24 hours): haemorrhage in 2-3% (most commonly due to inadequate haemostasis), pain Secondary (24 hours to 10 days): haemorrhage (most commonly due to infection), pain
Recommended doses of adrenaline, hydrocortisone and chloramphenamine
Presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma Cervical lymphadenopathy Otalgia Unilateral serous otitis media Nasal obstruction, discharge and/ or epistaxis Cranial nerve palsies e.g. III-VI
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