Unit 1 Geography Vocab

Pregunta	Respuesta
Agricultural density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Arithmetic density	The total number of people divided by the total land area
Base line	An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
Cartography	The science of making maps
Concentration	The spread of something over a given area.
Connections	Relationships among people and and objects across the barrier of space
Contagious diffusion	The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
Cultural ecology	Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
Cultural landscape	Fashioning of a natural landscape by a natural landscape by a cultural group.
Culture	The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group's distinct tradition
Density	The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
Diffusion	The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
Distance decay	The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
Distribution	The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.
Environmental determinism	A nineteenth-and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities
Expansion diffusion	The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
Formal region (or uniform or homogeneous region)	An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics
Geographic information system (GIS)	A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
Global Positioning System (GPS)	A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
Globalization	Actions or processes that involve the entire World and result in making something worldwide in scope
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)	The time in that zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude
Hearth	The region from which innovative ideas originate
Hierarchical diffusion	The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
International Date Line	An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
Land ordinance of 1785	A law that divided much of the United States into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers
Latitude	The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
Location	The position of anything on Earth's surface
Longitude	The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
Map	A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it
Mental map	A representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located
Meridian	An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles
Parallel	A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
Pattern	The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
Physiological density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Place	A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character
Polder	Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area
Possibilism	The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
Prime meridian	The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through he royal observatory at Greenwich, England
Principal Meridian	A north-south line designated in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States
Projection	The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map
Region	An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
Regional (or cultural landscape) studies	An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area
Relocation diffusion	The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
Remote sensing	The aquisition of data about Earth's surface from other long-distance methods
Resource	A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use
Scale	Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface
Section	Square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections
Site	The physical character of a place
Situation	The location of a place relative to another place
Space	The physical gap or interval between two objects
Space-time compression	The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
Stimulus diffusion	The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected
Toponym	The name given to a portion of Earth's surface
Township	A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships
Transnational corporation	A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located
Uneven development	The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
Vernacular region (or perceptual region)	An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

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