Biology definitions

Pregunta	Respuesta
Autotrophic	organism that makes its own food
heterotrophic	organism that obtains its food from another organism
osmosis	the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
Diffusion	the passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Semi-Permeable	selective permeability controls the movement of biomolecules across cell membranes
Cancer	group of disorders in which cells loose their ability to control the rate of mitosis and the number of times mitosis takes place
cell continuity	all cells develop from pre-existing cells
chromosomes	tightly coiled structures hat contain DNA and protein
Centromere	point at which te double stranded chromosomes are held together
Homologous pair	two chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes ( diploid chromosomes )
The cell cycle	changes that take place between one cell division and the next one
mitosis	nuclear division where one nucleus becomes 2, each with the same number of chromosomes
Meiosis	Nuclear division where one cell becomes 4 daughter cells with half the chromosome number
fertilisation	fusion of an egg cell and sperm to form a zygote
Dominant	an allele that masks the effect of another
recessive	an allele who's effect is only expressed in a homozygous condition
variation	variation/diversity is the differences in characteristics between individual members of the same species.
species	a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
mutation	sudden change in the structure or amount of DNA
tissue culturing	growth of cells in or on sterile nutrient medium outside an organism
co-dominance	incomplete dominance neither allele is completely expressed eg.roan cattle
response	activity of an organism or part of an organism as a result of a stimulus
stimulus	anything that causes a response in an organism
growth regulator	chemical that controls the growth of a plant
tropism	growth response of a plant to a stimulus
phototropism	growth of a plant in response to light
geotropism	growth of a plant in response to gravity
thigmotropism	growth of a plant in response to touch
hydrotropism	growth response of a plant to water
chemotropism	growth response of a plant to chemicals
auxin	plant growth promoter ( IAA - indole acetic acid )
nutrition	the way in which organisms obtain and use their food
transpiration stream	the movement of water through a plant
transpiration	the loss of water from the aerial parts of plants
osmosis	the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration
root pressure	the force exerted by water within the xylem tissue of the roots
plants	multicellular and photosynthetic organisms ( monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous )
meristem	composed of unspecialised cells that are continuously dividing by mitosis.
venation	veins
bud	undeveloped shoot ( auxiliary / apical / adventitious )
vascular system in plants	composed of xylem and phloem
homeostasis	the maintenance of a constant internal environment ( e.g. temp regulation )
endocrine gland	an organ that secretes a hormone directly into the bloodstream
hormone	a chemical messenger that is secreted by an endocrine gland directly into the bloodstream where it travels to an organ/tissue where it exerts a specific effect
exocrine gland	an organ that secretes its product into a duct
Lymph	a clear liquid that is collected from around cells and is transported by the lymphatic system back to the bloodstream
lymph vessels	narrow, dead-ending tubes that transport lymph and are present in every organ and tissue in the body
lymph nodes	small, spherical shaped organs of the lymph system that contain many white blood cells

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	Creado por Aoibhe Casey hace casi 8 años