Unit 2 Population Vocab - Standard 2.A & 2B

Pregunta	Respuesta
Agricultural density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land, which is suitable for agriculture
Agricultural revolution	The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. By growing plants and no raising animals, human beings created larger and more stable sources of food, so more people could survive.
Arithmetic density	The total number of people divided by the total land area
Brain drain	A large-scale emigration by talented people
Circulation	Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis, such as daily, monthly, or annually
Crude birth rate (CBR)	The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. A CBR of 20 means that for every 1,000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a 1-year period
Crude death rate (CDR)	The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. Comparable to the CBR, the CDR is expressed as the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population
Demographic transition	Has 4 steps. Stage 1 is low growth (low stationary), Stage 2 is High Growth (early expanding), Stage 3 is Moderate Growth (late expanding), and Stage 4 is Low Growth (low stationary), and Stage 5 although not officially a stage is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population growth. This is important because this is the way our country and others countries around the world are transformed from a less developed country to a more developed country.
Dependency ratio	The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.
Doubling time	The number of years needed to double a population. assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Emigration	Migration from a location
Epidemiologic transition	Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Epidemiology	Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
Floodplain	The area of a river that is subject to flooding during a specific number of years, based on historical trends
Forced migration	Migrant has been compelled to move by cultural factors
Guest workers	Citizens of poor countries who obtain jobs in Western Europe and the Middle East
Immigration	Migration to a location
Industrial revolution	Was a conjunction of major improvements in industrial technology (invention of the steam engine, mass production, powered transportation) that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and delivering them to market.
Infant mortality rate (IMR)	The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births.
Internal migration	Permanent movement within the same country
International migration	Permanent movement from one country to another
Interregional migration	Movement from one region of a country to another
Intervening obstacle	An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
Intraregional migration	Movement within one region
Life expectancy	at birth measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
Medical revolution	Medical technology invented in Europe and North America diffused to LDCs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Improved medical practices suddenly eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in LDCs and enabled more people to experience longer and healthier lives.
Migration	A permanent move to a new location
Mobility	All types of movements from one place to another
Natural increase rate (NIR)	The percentage by which a population grows in a year. It is computed by subtracting CDR from CBR, after first converting the two measures from numbers per 1,000 to percentages (numbers per 100). Thus if the CBR is 20 and the CDR is 5 (both per 1,0000), then the NIR is 15 per 1,000, or 1.5 percent. The term natural means that a country's growth rate excludes migration.
Net migration	The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants
Overpopulation	The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic	Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
Physiological density	The number pf people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
Population pyramid	A bar graph that displays a country's population by age and gender
Pull factor	Induces people to move into a new location
Push factor	Induces people to move out of their present location
Migration transition	A change in the migration patterns in a society that results from the social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition
Quotas	Maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the United States from each country during a one-year period
Refugees	People who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.
Sex ratio	The number of males per hundred females in the population
Thomas Malthus	Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population. This is important because he brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponentially growing population
Total fertility rate (TFR)	The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (roughly ages 15 through 49).
Voluntary migration	Implies that migrant has chosen to move for economic improvement
Zero population growth (ZPG)	Stage four of the demographic transition when the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR, and the NIR approaches zero.

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Unit 2 Population Vocab - Standard 2.A & 2B

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