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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Multifunctional Devices | Devices that can perform multiple functions, such as inputting and outputting data. E.g. Touch screen |
| Personal Computers | Small and inexpensive computers for the use by individual users E.g. Desktops and Laptops |
| Mobile Devices | Smartphones and tablets are made with portability in mind to give people computer and internet access while on the go |
| Servers | These powerful computers provide services to other computers connected to a network. E.g. Mail server |
| Entertainment Systems | Devices for watching TV/films, listening to music and playing video games |
| Digital Cameras | These capture images and videos digitally using an image sensor and store them as digital data on media such as a memory card or hard drive |
| Navigation Systems | Use a GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) receiver to locate the users position on a digital map and provide directions to a given destination. |
| Communication Devices and Systems | Can send and receive analogue or digital data to and from another device. E.g. Traditional analogue = Phones and faxes Modern digital = router |
| Data Capture and collection systems | Collect and input data through automated systems rather than direct data entry. |
| Three examples of Data Capture and collection systems | >Barcode Scanner >Optical Mark Reader >EPOS (Electronic point of sale) |
| 6 uses of digital devices | 1) Education and Training 2) Personal 3) Social 4) Retail 5) Organisational use 6) Creative |
| Peripheral Devices | Hardware devices that are not essential to the running of a computer system but that connect to the system and provide additional functions. (Most common types are input and output devices) |
| Input devices | >Keyboard >Mouse >Scanner >Graphics tablet >Microphone >Webcam >Sensor |
| Features of a Microphone | Converts analogue signals (sound waves) into electrical signals to be sent to the sound card which converts analogue to digital. |
| Output devices | >Monitor >Projector >Printer >Plotter >Speakers >Headphones |
| Features of a plotter | This specialist type of printer draws to a very high quality on very large paper |
| Accessibility Devices (Disabilities) | >Trackball >Touch screen / large key keyboard >Eye motion sensors >Braille embosser |
| Manual Processes | >Keying client or product details into a database >Entering customers' meal choices into a restaurant's system. >Marking exam scripts >Entering survey responses from a form |
| Automatic processes/Devices | >Biometric readers (fingerprints etc) >Barcode readers >Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) Readers >Radio-frequency identification (RFID) >Smart Meters |
| Hard disk drives | Magnetic storage devices, commonly used as the primary internal storage device but can be external |
| Advantages of HDD | > Low storage capacity (1 terabyte or more) > Low cost on a per byte basis > Very reliable |
| Disadvantages of HDD | > Slower than SSDs at loading data > External HDDs are not as portable as some other options |
| Solid State Drives | Flash memory devices commonly used as the primary storage in portable computing devices like tablets and laptops. |
| Advantages of SSDs | > Very fast data read/write speeds > Low power consumption > Extremely reliable as they have no moving parts which can be damaged. |
| Disadvantage of SSDs | > Higher cost than HDDs on a per byte basis > Usually have a lower storage capacity > Only have a finite number of writes |
| SD cards | Small flash memory cards that are commonly used for storage in digital cameras and some smartphones |
| Advantages of SD cards | > Very small and portable > Easy to transfer between devices with SD card readers |
| Disadvantages of SD cards | > Very small storage capacity, generally around 64gb - greater capacity is costly > Various 'enhancements' to the standards, resulting in potential compatibility problems (SDHC and SDXC) |
| USB memory sticks | Small flash memory devices that connect through a USB port |
| Advantages of USB | > Extremely portable device > Compatible with most computer systems through USB ports |
| Disadvantage of USB | > Storage capacity is low when compared to HDD and SSD > Only have a finite number of writes before they break > Get lost easily |
| Optical disks | Such as CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray disks are used for software, music and movies |
| Advantages of Optical Disks | > Small and portable > A lot of devices have built in capability to read them |
| Disadvantages of Optical Disks | > Archival stability or writable media can be questionable > Fragile and easy to damage |
| Magnetic tape | Used for large data backups |
| Advantages of Magnetic tape | > Very large storage capacity > Cheap on a per byte basis |
| Disadvantages of Magnetic Tape | > Data is accessed serially which is very slow > Requires specialist equipment for recording and reading data. |
| Operating system | (on a digital device) is the link between the hardware and the software. It passes messages back and forth and carries out instructions. |
| Types of operating systems | 1) Real-time (RTOS) 2) Single-user single task 3) Single-user multi-tasking 4) Multi-user |
| Real-time Operating systems (RTOS) | Inputs are processed and responded to instantaneously. > Provides fast response > Used for traffic lights |
| Single-user single task OS | One user can use the system at a time, and one application can be run at a time. > Requires fewer resources |
| Single-user multi-tasking OS | One user can use the system at a time, but many applications can be run simultaneously. > Open several applications at a time |
| Multi-user OS | Many users can use the system at the same time and can run many applications simultaneously. > Processing and resources can be shared by multiple users |
| Factors effecting performance | > Hardware factors > Malware > Virtual memory factors |
| Role of operating systems | 1) Networking 2) Security 3) Memory management 4) Multi-tasking 5) Device drivers |
| User Interfaces | The core part of any operating system. It allows the user to interact with the computer system. 1) CLI 2) GUI 3) Menu Based |
| Command Line Interface (CLI) | User interacts by typing in commands in response to prompts displayed on the screen ADV: quick, less memory DISAD: Knowledge, intimidating |
| Graphical User Interface (GUI) | Controlling a pointer or touch screen to select icons and menus displayed on screen. |
| Menu Based interface | Users interact using a simple menu that presents options to choose from e.g. ATM screen |
| Utility software | Used to manage system resources. 1) Disk 2) Network 3) Other (that don't fall under a particular category) |
| Disk utilities | Design to maintain performance of a computer's disk drive > File compressors > Backup > Disk deftagmenter |
| Network utilities | Design to maintain good network traffic and keep networks secure. > Firewalls > Anti-virus |
| Image File types | > GIF > JPEG > PNG > BMP |
| Application software file types | > DOC and RTF > PDF > XLS > ODF > PPT >MDB and ACCDB |
| Video file types | > MOV > AVI > MP4 > MKV |
| Factors to think about when choosing a file type | 1) Compatibility 2) Quality 3) File Size |
| Uses of application software | >Productivity software - apps like word, publishers etc >Graphics software >Communications software - instant messaging, email, VOIP |
| Name the different types of people who owns the source code behind the software. | > Proprietary Software - source code is privately owned by the software company > Open source software - source code is available to read and modify |
| What to consider when choosing an applications software | > Ease of use > Reliability > Capability - can do the job required of it |
| Emerging technologies | What are currently in development and are just starting to make an impact on business and general society >Artificial intelligence >Biometrics >Robotics >Virtual reality |
| Choosing an IT system | 1) User experience and needs 2) Specifications, compatibility and connectivity 3) Cost 4) Efficiency and productivity 5) Implementation 6) Security |
| Wired system connection methods | |
| Wired Device connections | |
| Wireless system connection methods | |
| Wireless connections methods for devices | |
| LAN | A computer that covers a single building or site. A router might connect a LAN to the internet/WAN |
| WAN | A computer network that covers a large geographical area such as a country or the world. Normally made up of many LANs connected together. E.g. Internet |
| PAN | Personal area network. Used to network devices wirelessly within a short range of an individual. E.g. Bluetooth |
| VPN | Creates a secure network connection by encryption. |
| Factors effecting choice of network | >User experience & needs >Specifications >Connectivity >Cost >Efficiency >Compatibility >Productivity >Security |
| Network Performance factors | >Bandwidth and connection methods >Load >Professional level equipment or SOHO equipment? >Infrastructure |
| Protocols | Rules that define methods of communicating data between two or more digital devices. They ensure that transmission of data always follows a set procedure. |
| Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol | TCP/IP used together as basic communication over the internet. Data sent over the internet are sent over 'packets' individually, then re-assembled at the destination. TCP creates packets - IP routes the packets |
| Email (Protocols) | >SMTP - Simple mail transfer protocol (transfers) >POP3 - Post office protocol 3 (retrieve & Download) >IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol (retrieve & sync) |
| Voice and video calls (Protocols) | >H.323 >SIP - Session initiation Protocol >RTP - Real-time Transport Protocol |
| Web pages (Protocols) | >HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol >HTTPS >FTP - File Transfer Protocol |
| Security Protocols | >SSL - Secure Sockets Layer >TLS - Transport Layer Security Used to make sure that transactions over the network are kept safe |
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