DC Circuits

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(16ELA001 - Circuits) Engineering Fichas sobre DC Circuits, creado por Ben Evans el 03/04/2017.
Ben Evans
Fichas por Ben Evans, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Ben Evans
Creado por Ben Evans hace más de 7 años
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Pregunta Respuesta
Closed Mesh A path that starts and finishes at the same node without crossing over itself
Branch A path that joins two nodes together, must go through at least one element
Node Point on a circuit where elements meet, can be denoted by a dot or a big loop. It doesn’t matter where they are on the connecting wires just that the node is in between two elements.
Useful Nodes Nodes with at least 3 branches connected to them
Ideal voltage sources Don't change magnitude or polarity regardless of how much current is being drawn
Current source The direction and magnitude of current flow through a current source is fixed
Conventional Current Assumes charge carriers are positive, flows from positive to negative
Ohm's Law V = I*R
Conductance (G) G = 1 / R
Kirchhoff's First Law (KCL) The algebraic sum of currents entering and leaving a node is zero. "What flows in, must flow out".
Kirchhoff's Second Law (KVL) In a closed mesh the algebraic sum of the element voltages' is zero.
Joule's Law Heat produced in a resistor when current flows through it is proportional to I^2 * R * t Constant of proportionality = 1 if using SI units
Power Rate of work done P = W / t
Resistors are in series when... ... they are in the same mesh and neither can be found in another mesh without the other one. This can also be seen as there will be a redundant node between the two resistors
Combining resistors in series Add them together
Resistors are in parallel when... ... they are connected to the same two nodes
Combining resistors in parallel The inverse of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the inverse resistances. For two resistors in parallel the total resistance is the product / sum
A resistor is short circuited when... ... each side of the resistor is connect to the same node
Voltage Divider When resistors are in series, V(R1) = V(S) * R1/R1 + R2
Current Divider When two resistors are parallel, I(1) = I(S) * R2/R1 + R2 This equation only works when there are two resistors
Voltage sources in series Can be added together algebraically to create one source
Voltage sources in parallel Identical sources - Only increases lifespan of source Non-identical sources - Cannot be done
Current sources in series Identical sources - Have no purpose Non-identical sources - Can't be done, breaks KCL
Current sources in parallel Can be algebraically added to form one source
Source transformations Voltage source => Current source Source must be in series with a resistor. Resistor value doesn't change. Current source magnitude is V / R Arrow points to +ve terminal of voltage source
Source transformation Current source => Voltage source Source must be in parallel with a resistor. Resistor value doesn't change. voltage source magnitude is I * R +ve terminal is where the arrow points to
Superposition principal Current through, or voltage across, any element of a network is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents or voltages produced independently be each source
How do you "turn" a voltage source to zero? Replace it with a short circuit
How do you "turn" a current source to zero? Replace with an open circuit
When does maximum power transfer occur? When the load resistance is equal to the source resistance
Maximum power transfer equals? P = V^2 / 4R (Refer to notes for derivation)
Thevenin's equivalent circuit 1. Find open circuit voltage. This will be the voltage of the source 2. "Turn" all sources to zero and find the resistance between the terminals. This will be the equivalent resistace
Norton's equivalent circuit 1. Find short circuit current entering terminal. This will be the magnitude of the current source 2. "Turn" all sources to zero and find the resistance between the terminals. This will be the equivalent resistace
How are Norton's and Thevenin's equivalent circuits related? You can move between the two by doing a source transformation
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