Socials 8 Ships and Navigation Deck

Pregunta	Respuesta
Define Pacific Rim.	All the countries bordering the Pacific Ocean.
Define Pilot.	Someone who knows local waters and can guide ships.
What does Chinese Junk mean?	A Chinese sailing vessel, sometimes very large. Zheng He had junks that were many times the size or European ships.
What was Constantinopole?	A cuty that offered a trade route, but in 1453 it was captured by a Turkish army, which halted European trade to Asia.
Who is Claudius Ptolemy?	The man who proved with mathematics that the earth was round.
What were some of the products of Asia that the Europeans desired?	The Europeans desired silk, sandalwood, teak (wood), oils, gold, and jewels.
What happened in 1453 that was bad for Europeans?	In 1453 the city of Constantinople fell to a Turkish army, shutting the door to trade with Asia.
What was the name of a famous Chinese explorer and what did he do?	Zheng He led a fleet of ships called junks as far as Africa.
What did the Europeans do that made them successful explorers?	The Europeans had determination, courage, ambition, and luck, which all enabled them to learn different lands and civilizations.
What is navigation?	The science of guiding a ship.
What are lateen sails?	A triangular sail on a short mast.
What is scurvy?	A potentially fatal lack of vitamin C. Sufferers become weak, their skin gets splotchy, the gums swell and bleed, and their teeth loosen and fall out.
What is a quadrant?	The quadrant and later the astrolabe both measured the height of the sun or a star above the horizon. This helped a ship's captain determine how far north or south the ship had sailed.
What is a log line?	A tool that measured the ship's speed. A piece of wood with evenly spaced knots was thrown into the water behind the ship. After a set period of time, the piece of wood was retrieved and the knots were counted. A ship travelling at one knot will cover 1852 metres an hour.
What is a compass? (early compasses)	In early compasses the whole compass rose turned, with the arrow pointing north. The eight symbols stand for the eight main directions: N,E,S, W, NE, NW, SE, and SW.
How did the Europeans become "masters of the seas"?	Europeans were able to do this because they had technological advancements in both ship design and navigation, which allowed faster ships and more accurate instruments.
How did lateen sails help early sailors sail against the prevailing winds?	Lateen sails were able to help by "tacking into the wind" or by doing zigzags in order to make it to the destination faster.
How did sailors' superstitions make long voyages difficult?	One sailor superstition was that the compass was a "mysterious device" that must be a tool of the devil. The compass made navigation much easier, so sailing without one would make voyages more difficult.
During the 15th or 16th century, what dangers had to be overcome for a voyage to be successful?	There was very bad food to eat, scurvy was easy to get since you get it from having a lack of Vitamin C, and since the survival chances are no better than fifty-fifty captains had to deal with mutinies which is the rebellion of sailors against their captain and/or other officers.
Describe the development of shipping technology.	The Galley (man powered) -> The Medieval Cog (small merchant ship) -> The Dhow (arab ship that used lateen sails) -> The Caravel (caravel planking and suitable for long voyages but small) -> The Galleon (big and lots of sails and good)
What is a strait?	A passageway between two land masses.
What does it mean to "circumnavigate the world"?	To travel around the whole world.
What is an itinerary?	A scheduled route plan.
What is the Cape of Good Hope?	The southernmost tip of Africa
What is Cape Horn?	The southernmost tip of South America.
What was the nickname of Prince Henry of Portugal and what did he do to advance exploration in the 15th Century?	His nickname was "Henry the Navigator". He was known to have sponsored voyages of exploration, gather new info on the trading routes, and develop new navigational equipment. He also built an institute at Sagres Portugal that was dedicated to the study of navigation.
What was the secret treaty between Portugal and Spain and what did it do?	It was the Treaty of Tordesillas. It was a treaty where all lands to the west of an imaginary line running north-south through the Atlantic Ocean would go to Spain and everything to the east would go to Portugal The final line at 46 deg. W, allowed Portugal to keep its lands in Brazil.
Why did Christopher Columbus believe the world was round?	Christopher Columbus believed the earth was round because he had read stories and tales of famous people especially Ptolemy's geography.
What are letters of patent?	An official document giving a person authority to do something.
What is the Spanish Main?	Coastal waters of northern South America where Spanish merchant ships regularly travelled.
Who are Sea Dogs?	English Captains that raided the Spanish Main regularly. Although the acts were illegal they were secretly supported by the English Queen Elizabeth I.
What is the Golden Hind?	The ship where Queen Elizabeth I knighted Drake and took a large part of the loot. IT was also the ship Drake used to sail around the world.
Who are Privateers?	Pirates that were supported by the government, like Sea Dogs.
What advantage did English ships have over the Spanish and Portuguese ships?	The English ships were nothing more than floating guns on platforms that could turn on a dime. This made them ideal for attacks on the lumbering Spanish treasure ships.
What were some do the most famous Sea Dogs and what did they do?	Some of the famous Sea Dogs were John Hawkins, Martin Frobisher, and Francis Drake. Some became famous explorers and others became slave traders.
What was Drake's most famous expedition and what made it so special?	His most famous expedition involved him circumnavigating the world. This was special because he was the first English explorer to do so and Queen Elizabeth knighted Drake when he had returned.
What was the Dutch East India Company and what did it do?	The Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602 when Dutch explorer Oliver van Noort circumnavigated the world. The company took over the rich spice trade with a colony in Indonesia that lasted until after the second World War.

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