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| What are the four default top-level folders visible in the Finder? | The four default top-level folders visible in the Finder are Applications, containing applications all local users have access to; Library, containing system resources all local users have access to; System, containing necessary system resources; and finally, Users, containing all the local user home folders. |
| What are six common system resources? What purpose does each resource serve? Where are they located in the file hierarchy? | Six common system resources are extensions, which attach themselves to the system kernel to provide hardware and peripheral driver support; frameworks, which are shared code libraries that provide additional software resources for both applications and system processes; fonts; preference files, which contain application and system configuration information; LaunchAgents and LaunchDaemons, used by launchd to provide services that automatically start when they are needed, at system startup, or at user login; and finally, logs, which are text files that contain error and progress entries from nearly any application or system service. |
| What are the four system resource domains? What purpose does each domain serve? | The four system resource domains are User, containing applications and system resources specific to each user account; Local, containing applications and system resources available to all users on the local Mac; Network (optional), containing applications and system resources available to any Mac that has an automated network share; and finally, System, containing applications and system resources required to provide basic system functionality. |
| What purpose does the ~/Library/Containers folder serve? What items are found in this folder? | The ~/Library/Containers folder contains resources for sandboxed applications. The system creates and maintains a separate container folder for each sandboxed application. A sandboxed application is more secure because it can only access items inside its container. |
| What purpose does the ~/Library/Group Containers folder serve? What items are found in this folder? | The ~/Library/Group Containers folder contains resources for sandboxed applications that are also shared with other applications. The system creates and maintains a separate group container folder for each sandboxed application that specifies a need to share resources with other applications. Only items intended for sharing will be located in a group containers folder. |
| What happens when a user double-clicks a font file? | When you open a font file, macOS will open a preview of the font in the Font Book application. From here, you can click the Install Font button to copy the font into ~/Library/Fonts. |
| How can you identify duplicate fonts? | The Font Book application shows a small dot next to the name of any font that has duplicate resources. |
| How does System Integrity Protection (SIP) help ensure that macOS system resources remain secure? | SIP prevents users and processes with administrator or root access from modifying core macOS system items. Protected items include the /System, /bin, /sbin, and /usr folders along with core system applications. |
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