90600
Descripción
Fichas por alexlpeart, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por alexlpeart
hace alrededor de 11 años
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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Give some aerobic ATP production pathways | Electron transport chain, Beta oxidation, Oxidative phosphorylation and TCA |
| How efficient is ATP breakdown. Where does the rest of the energy go? | 34% efficient, so 66% is lost as heat. |
| How might energy system contribution change between a shot put throw, 200m sprint and a marathon? | shot put would be anaerobic using ATP stored in the muscle and the PC system. A 200m sprint would use mainly glycolysis. A marathon would use aerobic so oxidative phosphorylation and beta oxidation. |
| Draw a graph to show the VO2 during the transition from rest to exercise. Also add to this graph VO2 during recovery. | |
| Do trained or untrained people have a smaller oxygen deficit upon starting exercise? Give some explanations for this. | Trained have a lower deficit as they have better developed aerobic bioenergetic capacity. This results from CV adaptions, circulatory adaptions, muscular adaptions and cellular adaptions. |
| What does the term oxygen debt mean? | The way we have to repay the oxygen deficit we encountered at the start of exercise. |
| Give what is happening in the rapid stage of the repayment of oxygen debt. | Resynthesis of PC stores and replenishing muscle and blood oxygen stores. |
| Give the things which are happening during the slow stage of repayment of oxygen debt. | We have elevated heart rate (requiring energy) increases body temperature (increasing metabolic), increased catecholamine levels (increased metabolism) and the conversion of lactate to glucose. |
| Graph the relationship between VO2 and work rate giving units you would use for each axis. | |
| Graph the relationship between blood lactate concentration and workload during an incremental exercise tests. Suggest units for the axis. Also suggest where we might see the ventilatory break point, point of OBLA and lactate threshold. | |
| What is the difference between OBLA and lactate threshold? | OBLA is the point where blood lactate reaches 4.0 mM/L where as the blood lactate threshold is the point in which we start producing any lactate. |
| Define Homeostasis: | Maintenance of constant AND normal internal environment |
| Define steady state. | Physiological variable is unchanging but not normal e.g. core temp may be stable but above a normal level. |
| Define metabolism: | The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. |
| Give an example of things which might vary over exercise and therefore may be referred to as being in steady state. | Mean arterial blood pressure, core temperature. |
| Define anabolic and catabolic. | Anabolic is the breakdown of molecules, Catabolic is the creation of molecules. |
| How do enzymes work? what is the effect of temperature and pH on their action? | They reduce the activation energy required for a reaction to take place. As temperature increase enzyme activity increases up to a point but after this threshold is becomes denatured and the activity drops rapidly. This is the same with pH, although all enzymes have different optimal pH values as they all act in different ares of the body. |
| What does the term high energy phosphates mean, where might we find some high energy phosphates? | Phosphates which are connected by a high energy covalent bond, and when broken will releases energy. We find these phosphates in ATP and ADP. |
| Give methods of anaerobic ATP production. | phosphocreatine breakdown and glycolysis |
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