GastroIntestinal Pharmacology

Pregunta	Respuesta
RANITIDINE (ZANTAC) Treatment & MOA Image: Zantac (binary/octet-stream)	HISTAMINE 2 - RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST Promotes gastric and duodenal ulcer healing by suppressing secretion of gastric acid by selectively blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells in stomach *prophylaxis & short-term treatment
RANITIDINE (ZANTAC) Adverse Effects & Contraindications Image: Zantac (binary/octet-stream)	HISTAMINE 2- RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AE: multiple drug interactions with Cimetidine (CYP450 Inhibitor) Avoid: theophylline, warfarin, phenytoin, lidocaine etc ContraIndications: Adjust dose in renal insufficiency Caution in pregnancy
NAME 4 HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS	Cimetidine (Tagamet) Famotidine (Pepsid) Nizatidine (Axid) Ranitidine (Zantac)
LIST 5 PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS	Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Rabeprozole (Aciphex) Pantoprazole (Protonix) Omeprazole (Prilosec) MOA: Irreversibly inhibits H+, K+, ATPase (Proton Pump) which blocks gastric secretion
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Image: Prilosec (binary/octet-stream)	PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR short term treatment of GERD, erosive esophagitis, & duodenal ulcers MOA: pro-drug activated w/n parietal cells irreversibley inhibits H+,K+, ATPase (Proton Pump) which blocks acid secretion.
OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) Adverse Effects & Drug Interactions Image: Prilosec (binary/octet-stream)	PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR AE: Increased risk of pneumonia & c.diff. long- term use= increased risk of osteoporosis & fractures Drug Interactions: inhibition of CYP2C19 Clopidogrel (plavix)- prevents conversion of Clopidogrel to active form.
LIST 5 CATEGORIES OF DRUGS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE	5- Aminosalicylates Glucocorticoids Immunosuppressants Immunomodulators Antibiotics
SULFASALAZINE (Azulfidine) Therapeutic Action & MOA	5-AMINOSALICYLATE- Anti Ulcer Drug treats mild to moderate UC, Chrons & doudenal ulcers MOA: decreases inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Promotes ulcer healing by creating a protective barrier against acid and pepsin. - NO acid neutralizing - NO decrease in acid secretion
SULFASALAZINE (Azulfidine) Adverse Effects & drug interactions	5- AMINOSALICYLATE: Anti-Ulcer AE: blood disorders, anemia contains SULFA (?) No significant drug interactions
LIST 6 ANTIEMETIC DRUGS	Serotonin Antagonist Glucocorticoids Benzodiazapines Dopamine Antagonist Cannabinoids Anticholinergics
SEROTONIN ANTAGONIST Name 3 meds & MOA	Dolasetron (Anzemet) Ondansetron (Zofran) Granisetron (Kytril) *Most effective in prevention / treatment of chemo or surgery induced n/v MOA: Blocks 5HT3 (Serotonin) receptros in CTZ and afferent vagal neurons in upper GI tract.
ONDANSETRON ( Zofran)	ANTIEMETIC Treats: Treats and prevents Nausea and Vomiting Great for chemo and surgery MOA: Blocks 5HT3 (Serotonin) receptors in CTZ and afferent vagal neurons inn upper GI tract.
ONDANSETRON (Zofran) Adverse Effects & ContraIndications	ANTIEMETIC AE: QTc prolongation (dysrhythmia) - use with caution in electrolyte abnormalities, heart failure, or bradydysrhythmia.
LIST 2 PHENOTHIAZINES & MOA	DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST -Antiemetic- Promethazine (Phenergan) Procholerperazine (Compazine) MOA: blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ
PROMETHAZINE (Phenergan) Adverse Effects	PHENOTHIAZINE- AntiEmetic AE: Respiratory Depression * monitor LOC & RR Sedation Local tissue injury with extravagation * Administer slowly and dilute it down EPS- Parkinson like reaction
NAME A PROKINETIC/DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST & it's MOA	Metoclopramide (Raglan) MOA: controls N/V by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in CTZ - Augments action of Acetylcholine , which causes an increase in GI motility - Good for Gastroparesis ( DM patients)
METOCLOPRAMIDE (Reglan) MOA & AE	PROKINETIC/ DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST MOA: controls N/V by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in CTZ - Augments action of Acetylcholine , which causes an increase in GI motility - good for gastroparesis ( diabetic patients) AE: pt with GI perforation, bleeding or obstruction. Can cause diarrhea and Tardive Dyskinesia (Parkinison like effects)
CORTICOSTEROIDS Glucocorticoids TI & MOA	Dexamethesone (Decadron) Methyprednsisolone (Solu-medrol) TI: Suppress chemo induced N/V MOA: unknown
CANNABINOIDS	Medical Marijuana Dronabinol (Marinol) TI: Suppress chemo induced N/V MOA unknown
BENZODIAZAPINES	Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (Xanax)
LIST BULK FORMING LAXATIVES Why would you use them?	Methylcellulose Psyllium (Metamucil)
PSYLLIUM Therapeutic Action & MOA	BULK FORMING LAXATIVE Soft stool in 1-3 days Treats: constipation, diverticulitis* and IBS* *preferred treatment MOA: functions similarly to dietary fiber Swells with water to form gel to soften and enlarge fecal mass; mass stimulates peristalsis
NAME THE 5 TYPES OF LAXATIVES	Bulk- Forming Surfactant Stimulant Osmotic Lubricant
NAME A SURFACTANT LAXATIVE and its general MOA	DOCUSATE SODIUM (Colace) Surfactant action softens stool by facilitating penetration of water. Stimulates bowel motility; increases quantity of water and electrolytes in intestinal lumen.
DOCUSATE SODIUM (Colace) MOA	Surfactant action softens stool by facilitating penetration of water. stimulates bowel motility; increases quantity of water and electrolytes in intestinal lumen.
NAME 3 STIMULANT LAXATIVES	Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Senna (Senokot) Castrol Oil - pregnancy category X
BISACODYL (Dulcolax) Therapeutic Action MOA	MOA: Stimulate peristalsis and soften feces by increasing secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestine and decreasing water and electrolyte absorption. selective action on nerve plexus of intestinal smooth muscle --> enhanced motility.
BISACODYL (Ducolax) Admin Considerations	Enteric coated: avoid taking within 1-2 hours of antacids, H2RA, PPIs, and milk
LIST 2 TYPES OF OSMOTIC LAXATIVE	Laculose Polyethlene Glycol (PEG) - Miralax - Glycolax - Peglax * For constipation ; PEG + electrolytes for bowel preps
NAME 3 PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR H.PLYORI	* Antibiotics* Amoxicillin Bismuth Claithromycin Metronidazole Tetracycline Tinidazole

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	Creado por Kate Parvey hace más de 7 años