Carbohydrates

Nota:

• Structure: CH2O;

1. Simple sugars

   Nota:

   • Named for how many carbons they: Ex. trioses = 3 C., tetroses = 4 C.
   1. Glucose

      Nota:

      • Energy source for cells; Sweeteners I like
      • Helps in making cartilage, connective tissue, insect's exoskeleton
      • Linear chains or ring-shaped (common).
2. Building material for plants' structure

   Nota:

   • Example: tree bark
3. Structure of DNA and RNA
4. Amino acids are "grown" here

Nota:

• = 2 monosaccharides = 2 simple sugars

1. Glycosidic bond

   Nota:

   • Covalent bond holding these sugars together this way!
   • Alpha or beta.
2. Maltose
3. Lactose
4. Sucrose

Nota:

• Attaches to the surface of the proteins' or lipids' surface via covalent bonds

1. Defines your blood group

Nota:

• Longs chained polymers, made of sugars and their "cousins" (i.e.: derivatives).

1. Cellular building material
   1. Cellulose

      Nota:

      • Structure: Linear, Plant's cell wall
   2. Chitin

      Nota:

      • Bug's skeleton
2. Energy warehouse
   1. Glycogen

      Nota:

      • Structure: Highly branched (densely branched), For animals + bacteria
   2. Starch

      Nota:

      • Structure: Branched (very "leggy"), For plants.