Biology Unit 3: Detecting & Responding

1. Receptor
   1. Communication System
      1. Effector
         1. Response
            1. Feedback

1. Neurons
   1. Motor
   2. Sensory
   3. Connecting
2. Brain and Spine (CNS)
3. (PNS)
4. Action/Resting Potentials
   1. Depolarisation
   2. Repolarisation
   3. Refactory Period
   4. Synapes
   5. Neurotransmitters

1. Hormones
2. Glands

1. Protein Based

   Nota:

   • CHON   lipophobic, hydrophillic
2. Amino Acid Derivative

   Nota:

   • CHON   lipophobic, hydrophillic
3. Lipid Based

   Nota:

   • CHO? lipophillic, hydrophobic eg. steroids, sex hormones 

1. Apoptosis

1. Gibberelin
2. Auxin
3. Cytokinins
4. Ethylene
5. Abscisic Acid

1. Physical
   1. Bark
   2. Cuticle
   3. Cell Wall
2. Chemical
   1. Enzymes
   2. Toxic Compounds
3. Both Physical & Chemical
   1. Galls

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Single celled Protozoa
4. Multicellular Parasites

   Nota:

   • Endo/Exo

1. Viruses
2. Prions

1. Vaccine

   Nota:

   • Prevent Disease
2. Immunisation

   Nota:

   • acquiring immunity against disease

1. Heavy & Light Chain
2. Binding Site

1. 1st Line
   1. Intact Skin
   2. Tears
   3. Saliva
   4. Sweat
2. 2nd Line
   1. Specialised Cells
      1. Phagocytes
         1. Macrophages
         2. Neutrophils
      2. Inflammatory Cells
         1. Mast Cells
            1. Histamine
      3. Cytotoxic Cells
      4. Dendritic Cells
      5. Natural Killer Cells
   2. Molecules
      1. Complement Proteins
      2. Interferons
      3. Cytokines

1. Humoral

   Nota:

   • In body fluid
   1. B Cells
   2. Antibodies
   3. Helper T Cells
   4. Cytokines
   5. MHC I Marker
   6. Memory B Cells
   7. Plasma Cells
2. Cell Mediated

   Nota:

   • Within an infected cell
   1. T Cells
   2. Antigens
   3. Cytokines
   4. T Cell Receptors
   5. Antigen Presenting Cells
      1. Dendritic Cells
      2. Macrophages
      3. B Lymphocytes
   6. MHC II Marker
   7. Cytotoxic T Celll
   8. Helper T Cell
   9. Memory T Cells

Nota:

• glycoproteins, also known as immunoglobulins

1. Coeliac
2. Type 1 Diabetes
3. Rheumatoid arthritis

1. Allergies
   1. Allergen

      Nota:

      • Pollen, Nuts etc.
2. Organ Transplant

1. Passive

   Nota:

   • Maternal Antibodies 
2. Active

   Nota:

   • undergoes humoral or cell medicated response

1. Passive

   Nota:

   • antibody transfer (antibody serum for poison)
2. Active

   Nota:

   • immunisation