Mr. Mohammed Passing hard time

Mohammed, 41 years old
Apoptosis vs. necrosis
Types of necrosis
1. Fat necrosis
2. Coagulative necrosis
3. Liquifactive necrosis
4. Gangerenous necrosis
5. Fibrinoid necrosis
6. Caseous necrosis
Angina Pectoris
1. Stable angina
  1. Chest pain on exertion for less than 20 mins
  2. Pain radiates to left arm and jaw with shortness of breath
2. Unstable angina
  1. Chest pain at rest for more than 20 mins
3. Prinzmetal
  1. Episodic chest pain
  2. happens due to vessels spasms
Anti-anginal drugs
1. C. Nitrates and nitrites
2. b-Adrenoceptor antagonists
3. Calcium channel-blocking agents
4. Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Blood supply of the heart
Myocardial Infarction
1. ECG
  2. Changes:
2. Pathogenesis
3. Morphology
4. Risk Factors
  1. Age
  2. High blood pressure
  3. High blood cholesterol
  4. Diabetes
  5. Family history
  6. Lack of physical activity
  7. Obesity
  8. Stress
5. 1. Initial treatment
6. Blood tests
  1. Biomarkers:
Acute Coronary syndrome
1. Treatment
  1. With ST elevation
    1. Aspirin
    2. Morphine
    3. Oxygen
    4. Restore coronary perfusion
  2. Without ST elevation
    1. Oral anti-platelet therapy
      1. Aspirin
      2. Anticoagulation
      3. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
    2. Nitrates (PO or IV)
    3. ACE-inhibitors
    4. Beta-blockers
    5. Lipid management
  3. Thrombolytics:
    1. Drugs:
      1. Streptokinase
      2. Urocinase
      3. Alteplase
    2. Clinical uses:
      1. Early therapy in acute MI
      2. Reduction in other MI complications (LV)
        dysfunction
        cardiogenic shock
        late myocardial rupture
        arrhythmia
      3. Pulmonary embolism
    3. Side effects:
      1. Mostly bleeding and hemorrhage
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
1. caused by an ectopic cardiac pacemaker located in the ventricle.
2. Cardiac cause:
  1. Acute MI or myocardial ischemia
  2. Myocarditis
  3. Cardiomyopathy,
  4. Myocardial contusion
  5. Mitral valve prolapse
PAIN
1. Referred pain
  1. Dermatomal rule:
    1. Pain is referred usually to a structure that developed from the same embryonic segment or dermatome as the structure in which the pain originates
2. Classification
Angiography
Healthy lifestyle
1. Maintaining a healthy weight
2. Quitting smoking
3. Getting regular exercise
4. Reducing stress
5. diabetes

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Mr. Mohammed Passing hard time

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