Biological molecules

Water
1. Polar molecule
  1. Very cohesive
    1. Helps water flow
  2. Unshared electrons
    1. Delta positive hydrogens
    2. Delta negative oxygen
  3. Good solvent
2. Hydrogen bonding
  1. High specific heat capacity
    1. hydrogen bonds absorb a lot of energy
      1. reduces rapid temperature changes, allowing stable temperatures
  2. High latent heat of evaporation
    1. Takes a lot of heat energy to break the hydrogen bonds
      1. useful for cooling
Carbohydrates
1. Glucose (monosaccharides)
  1. alpha glucose
  2. beta glucose
  3. Monosaccharides join together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
    1. Joined by glycosidic bond
2. Starch
  1. Energy storage in plants
  2. Amylose
    1. Long chains of alpha glucose
      1. 1,4-glycosidic bonds
  3. Amylopectin
    1. Branched chains of alpha glucose
      1. 1,4-glycosidic bonds
      2. 1,6-glycosidic bonds
  4. Insoluble
3. Glycogen
  1. Energy storage in animals
  2. Lots of branched chains of alpha glucose
    1. Release energy quickly
  3. Compact
4. Cellulose
  1. Long chains of beta glucose
    1. Linked by hydrogen bonds
      1. Form microfibrils
        Structural support
Lipids
1. Triglycerides
  1. Energy storage
  2. One glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules
  3. Insoluble
  4. Long hydrocarbon tail
    1. Contains lots of chemical energy
2. Phospholipids
  1. One glycerol molecule, two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group
    1. Phosphate group is ionised
      1. Attracts water molecules
  2. Controls what enters and leaves a cell
3. Cholestrol
  1. Hydrocarbon rings, a hydrocarbon tail and a hydroxyl group
  2. soluble in water
    1. Insoluble in blood
      1. Carried around the body by lipoproteins
  3. Small size and flattened shape
    1. Fit between the phospholipid molecules
      1. Binds to the hydrophobic tails
        Causing the phospholipids to pack closer together
        Less fluid and more rigid

Siguiente

Descripción

Resumen del Recurso

0 comentarios

Similar

	Creado por mbaker25 hace casi 12 años