Language Acquisition

Nota:

• Select and apply a range of linguistic methods, to communicate relevent knowlege using appropriate terminology and coherent, accurate writeen expression.

1. Lexis/Semantics
   1. Over-extension

      Nota:

      • Uses words in a broad sense
   2. Under-extension

      Nota:

      • Uses words in a narrow sense
   3. Nelson

      Nota:

      • Classified childres first 50 words as: Describing - 'Dirty', 'Nice', 'Pretty' Personal - 'Bye', 'Hi' Actions or Events - 'Down', 'More', 'Up' Naming things/people - 'Ball', 'Daddy', 'Juice'
2. Grammar/Syntax
   1. Three Main Stages to Grammatical Development
   2. Inflections

      Nota:

      • When '-ed' or '-es' is used when it is not needed - 'sheeps' instead of 'sheep' or 'goed' insead of 'goes'.
3. Pragmatics
   1. Halliday's Functions of Language

      Nota:

      • Instrumental - To express needs Regulatory - to control others behaviour Interactional - To relate to others Heuristic - To gain knowlege Personal - To express yourself Imaginitively - To gain language imaginitively Informative - To convey facts and information
4. Phonology
   1. Biological Noises

      Nota:

      • (0-18 weeks) crying, coughing, cooing.
   2. Cooing and Laughing

      Nota:

      • (8-20 weeks) Short vowel noises
   3. Vocal Play

      Nota:

      • (20-30 weeks) 'cooing' develops into definate controlled sounds.
   4. Melodic Utterances

      Nota:

      • (36-72 weeks) - Intonation, rythm and melody develop.
   5. Babbling

      Nota:

      • The experimentation of sounds.
   6. Intonation

      Nota:

      • The rise and fall of voice when speaking.
   7. Phonemes

      Nota:

      • Small segements of sound.

1. O MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • Recognition of mothers voice Distinguishes phonemes (small sounds) Distinguishes own language over foreign languages.
2. 4 MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • Child knows own name Child is sentitive to word order
3. 7 MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • Early Babbling Understands first words, e.g - 'Mummy'.
4. 12 MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • Jargoning - stress/intonation is used First words are produced
5. 18 MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • Understands around 50 words Produces two-word utterances
6. 24 MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • Multi-word utterances are used
7. 60 MONTHS OLD

   Nota:

   • 6,000 word capacity Produces complex sentences

1. Lenneberg
   1. Suggested there was a critical period for acquiring language
2. Bruner
   1. Language is enriched through social interaction
3. Vygotsky
   1. Stresses the influence on society/culture on language acquisition
4. Dore
   1. Looking into what children do with their words, for example - repeating, questioning and answering
5. Chomsky
   1. Suggested biological influences for acquiring language (LAD)
6. Skinner
   1. Reinforcing behaviour plays a vital role in language development
7. Stages to Acquisition
   1. Holophrastic, Two-word and Telegraphic
8. Aitchison
   1. Labelling, Packaging and Network Building
9. Halliday
   1. Instrumental, Personal, Regulatory and Interactional