Respiratory Drugs

Respiratory Drugs

Bronchodilators
1. B2 adrenergic agonists
  1. Short acting
    1. Salbutamol, terbutaline
      1. used for actue asthma
  2. Long acting
    1. eformoterol, salmeterol
      1. used as a symptom controller
  3. MOA: Stimulate B2 adrenergic receptors on the bronchial smooth muscles and stimulates sympathetic nervous system response - causing bronchodilation.
    1. Adverse effects: tremors, tachycardia, headache, increased blood glucose levels,
2. Antimuscarinics
  1. Short acting
    1. Ipratropium
  2. Long acting
    1. tiotropium, glycopyrronium
  3. Theraputic action: bronchodilation, decreased mucous secretion action
    1. MOA: block muscarinic receptors and inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system
      1. Adverse reactions: dry mouth/throat irritation, blurred vision.
3. Methylxanthines
  1. Theophylline, aminophylline
    1. Theraputic action: increased cellular activity and bronchodilation
      1. MOA: inhibits the enzyme that degrades cAMP
        Adverse reactions: insomnia, anxiety, tremors, tachycardia, nausea
Preventer drug
1. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
  1. Montelukast
    1. Theraputic Action: mediate inflammatory reactions
      1. MOA: blocks action of inflammation mediators
        Adverse effects: headache, GI upset, thirst
2. Mast cell stabilisers
  1. Sodium cromoglycale
    1. Theraputic action: preventer group
      1. MOA: prevents release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells
        Adverse effects: Throat irritation, nausea
3. Steriods
  1. Steroidal Anti-iinflammatory
    1. Systemic corticosteriods
      1. Prednisone, Methylprednisolone
    2. Inhaled corticosteriods
      1. Beclometasone, Fluticasone
    3. Theraputic Action: bronchoconstriction and inflammation decreation
      1. MOA: inhibits rupture of mast cells, decreases inflammatory mediators, suppresses antibody production and immune cells.
        Adverse reactions: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, immunosuppressence
  2. Combined formulations
    1. Seretide & Symbicort

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