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Memory- coding, capacity and duration
Descripción
AS level (Memory) Psychology Mapa Mental sobre Memory- coding, capacity and duration, creado por Grace Fawcitt el 01/01/2018.
Sin etiquetas
psychology
a level
as level
aqa
memory
coding
capacity
duration
psychology
memory
as level
Mapa Mental por
Grace Fawcitt
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Grace Fawcitt
hace más de 6 años
77
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Resumen del Recurso
Memory- coding, capacity and duration
Coding
The format in which information is stored
Acoustic
STM
Semantic
LTM
Baddeley, 1966
Gave 4 groups 4 different lists of words
Group1
Acoustically similar words
Cat, mat, bat
Group 2
Acoustically dissimilar words
dog, food, man
Group 3
Semantically similar
huge, large, big
Group 4
Semantically dissimilar
few, eat, carpet
Findings
Immediate recall (STM)
Struggled with acoustically similar
20 minutes later (LTM)
Struggled with semantically similar
Evaluation
Artificial stimuli
Word lists have no personal meaning to participants
Difficult to generalise
Duration
The length of time information can be stored
18-30 seconds
STM
Permanent
LTM
Peterson and Peterson, 1959
STM
Participants given a consonant syllable (e.g. YCG) and a three digit number (e.g. 547)
Counted back from number until told to stop
Had to recall consonant syllable
Retention interval of 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds
Recall worse at 18 seconds
Evaluation
Meaningless stimuli
Difficult to generalise
Lack of external validity
Bahrick, 1975
LTM
Showed 17-74 year old people their yearbooks
15 years after graduation
90% accuracy
48 years after graduation
70% accuracy
Asked 17-74 year old people to freely recall students in their graduating class
15 years after graduation
60% accuracy
48 years after graduation
30% accuracy
Evaluation
High external validity
Meaningful stimuli
Capacity
The amount of information that can be stored
5-9 items
STM
Unlimited
LTM
Jacobs, 1887
Digit span
Recall of digits, increasing each time
Average was 9.3 digits
Evaluation
Lacking validity
Lack of control over confounding variables due to era
Miller, 1956
Chunking
People can recall five words just as well as five letters
Grouping letters or digits into chunks
Evaluation
Contradictory evidence
Four chunks more likely
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