Biology: Foundation (Not sure what I meant by this)
Criteria: Critical Periods.
Kitten studies. Orphans in
countries with high amount
of orphans. Language (4-5
years old)
Visual Cues: Appearance (genitals).
Baby X studies.
Anatomy: Genitalia, Chromosomes, Hormones
Sex differentiation happens in two stages
In the first 6 weeks
of gestation (first
trimester) all fetuses
are “bi-potential”
Androgen wash
interacts with
chromosomes.
In the second
trimester, the
brain development
of sex develops.
Hormones: all human beings
have estrogen, androgens, and
testosterone.
On average, men have higher
testosterone and women have
higher estrogen
Asian men on
average have
lower levels of
testosterone
than American
women.
There is no link between hormones and behavior.
Human behavior is contextual. Socially
acceptable means of aggression: men= violence,
women = language.
Chromosomes: expected pattern is XX, XY. 46
chromosomes total, 23 from each parent.
Chromosomal anomalies
are from disjunctures in
sperm production.
Possible Anomalies: XO, XXX, XXY, XYY
XO: Turner Syndrome.
Don’t develop sex organs.
Feminized genitalia. Take
estrogen to mimic
puberty. No social
differences than other
females.
XXX: Triple X, Trisomy.
Feminized external
genitalia. Taller than
average female. Mild
learning disabilities.
Some have issues in
puberty. No significant
differences.
XXY: Klinefelter Syndrome.
Genitalia is masculine. Smaller
than average penises, but not
micro-penises. Voices don’t
deepen. Do not grow body hair.
No social differences than other
men.
XYY: Jacob’s Syndrome.
Similar to Trisomy. Taller
than average male. Mild
learning disabilities. (Social
expectations= petty crimes,
prison)
Hormonal anomalies (in XX, XY)
Adrenogenital Syndrome.
XX Masculine genitals.
Inside: female. Outside:
enlarged clitoris, labia
fused. No social
differences.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. XY outside:
female genitalia. Raised as girls. No puberty. No
internal sex organs. No differences socially.