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11904181
Approaches- Behaviourism
Descripción
AS level (Approaches) Psychology Mapa Mental sobre Approaches- Behaviourism, creado por Grace Fawcitt el 15/01/2018.
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psychology
approaches
as level
Mapa Mental por
Grace Fawcitt
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Grace Fawcitt
hace más de 6 años
8
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Resumen del Recurso
Approaches- Behaviourism
Only interested in observable and therefore measurable behaviour
Disregarded mental processes and role of biology
Primarily used lab studies to maintain objectivity
Also studied animals, as they are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar
Classical conditioning
Pavlov's dogs
Unconditioned stimulus- food
Unconditioned response- salivation
Neutral stimulus- bell
Response- none
Food+ bell
Response- salivation
Conditioned stimulus- bell
Conditioned response- salivation
Learning through association
Operant conditioning
Learning through consequences
Skinner's rats
1953
Positive reinforcement
Rat in box, presses lever, gets treat
Learns to press lever via reward
Negative reinforcement
Rat in box, floor is electrified, presses lever, floor turns off
Learns to press lever to avoid negative occurence
Positive reinforcement
Reward for behaviour
Punishment
Unpleasant consequence
Negative reinforcement
Removal from unpleasant situation, no reward
Evaluation
Scientific credibility
Objectivity and replication
Real life application
Token economy systems
Treatment of phobias
Mechanistic view of behaviour
Suggests passivity of people
Disregards activity of mental processes
Environmental determinism
No free will
Ethical and practical issues of animal studies
Causes harm
Pain and stress affects responses
Not people
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