Respiration

Respiration

Glycolysis
1. Overview:
  1. Splitting molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
    1. Occurs in the cytoplasm
      1. Doesn't require oxygen
  2. Net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
2. (1) Phosphorylation
  1. Glucose phosphorylated
    1. Adds 2 phosphate groups from 2 ATP molecules
      1. Resulting in 2 molecules of triose phosphate and 2 ADP
        (2) Oxidation
        Both triose phosphate oxided (lose hydrogen)
        Forms 2 molecules of pyruvate and 4 ATP
        Both hydrogen ions each join to an ADP forming NADH
Krebs cycle
Link Reaction
1. Overview
  1. Occurs in matrix of mitochondria
  2. Converts pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A
  3. Link reaction happens twice for every glucose molecule
    1. As 2 pyruvates produced, both going through the link reaction
2. Anaerobic
  1. Pyruvate is converted into ethanol or Lactate
    1. Ethanol
      1. In plants and yeast
      2. CO2 released from pyruvate to form ethanal
        NADH oxidised to regenerate NAD which can be used in glycolysis
        Still making ATP even if anaerobic
        Forms ethanol
    2. Lactate
      1. In animal cells and bacteria
      2. pyruvate and NADH react to form lactate (latic acid) and NAD
        NAD again used in glycolysis to keep ATP production even in small amount
3. Aerobic
  1. Pyruvate is decarboxylated (remove one carbon)
    1. Carbon joins with O2 to form CO2
    2. NAD reduced, taking one hydrogen from pyruvate
      1. Forms Acetyl
        Combines with coenzyme A (COA)
        Forms Acetyl COA
        No ATP used or produced
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Net Produced

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	Creado por Dominic Weston hace más de 6 años