Chemistry Analysis 2

Carbonates(negative ions)
1. Most carbonates are insoluble but some like sodium carbonate & potassium carbonate are soluble
  1. They produce solutions containing carbonate ions
    1. Acid +Carbonate→Salt+Water+Carbon Dioxide
      1. Calcium Hydroxide+Carbon Dioxide → Calcium Carbonate+Water
Halides
1. If silver nitrate solution is added to sample of dilute nitric acid & halide ions,the silver halide is precipitated
  1. Silver Chloride-White
    1. Silver Bromide-Cream
      1. Silver Iodide-Yellow
Sulfates
1. Barium chloride added to water/HCL with sulfate ions forms barium sulfate
  1. Barium sulfate is insoluble so it forms a precipitate
    1. Forms white precipitate
Pure Substances
1. Contain only one type of atom
  1. Pure elements melt/boil at specific temperatures
    1. E.g. Pure milk/water(nothing has been added to it)
Formulation
1. A mixture that has been designed to be used as a useful product
  1. E.g.Paints,medicines,alloys,food,fertilisers
Instrumental Methods
1. Elements/compounds can be detected using machines
  1. They are fast accurate & sensitive
2. E.g. Gas Chromatography(GCMS)
  1. Mixture of compunds are vaporised
    1. Gas is pumped through column
      1. Column's heated up to speed the rate of separation
        To identify compound,you need a mass spectrometer joined to gas spectrometer
        Mass Spectrometer indentifies according to mass
3. E.g. Flame Emission Spectroscopy
  1. Sample is put in a flame
    1. Light given out is passed through a spectroscope
      1. Output is a line spectrum that is analysed for metal ions and measure their concentrations

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