INFORMATION SYSTEM

Nota:

• An information system is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage and communication of information.

1. People

   Nota:

   • Every system needs people if it is to be useful. the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems.
   • This includes "not only the users, but those who operate and service the computers, those who maintain the data, and those who support the network of computers."
   1. End users who use computers
   2. Most important part of any system
   3. Contact
      1. Direct
         1. create documents using a word processing program
         2. connect to the Internet.
      2. Indirect
2. Procedures
3. Software

   Nota:

   • The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the system to function in ways that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input/output medium, often a disk or tape.
   1. Another name for programs
   2. kinds of software
      1. System Software
         1. Software used by computers
         2. Enables application software to interact with the computer hardware
         3. Background software helps manage resources
         4. Collection of system programs
            1. Operating Systems
               1. Coordinates computer resources
               2. Provides the user interface
               3. Runs applications
               4. Types of OS
                  1. Embedded operating system
                     1. Used by Smartphones and tablets
                        1. Real-time operating systems (RTOS)
                  2. Standalone operating system
                     1. Used by desktops
                        1. Windows 10
                        2. MAC OS
                  3. Networking operating systems

                     Nota:

                     •  A specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall.
                     1. Used to run networks
            2. Utilities
               1. Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources
               2. Antivirus Program

                  Nota:

                  • These programs protect your computer system from viruses or malicious programs that are all too often deposited onto your computer from the Internet. These programs can damage software and hardware, as well as compromise the security and privacy of your personal data. If your computer does not have an antivirus program installed on it, you need to get one.
                  1. Protects from viruses
                     1. Can damage your software or hardware
                     2. Comprise the security and privacy of personal data
            3. Device Drivers
      2. Application Software
         1. Software you use
         2. End-user software
         3. Types of application software

            Nota:

            • might be described as end user software. 
            1. General-Purpose applications

               Nota:

               •  are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user.
               1. Widely used programs
                  1. Browsers
                  2. Word Processor
            2. Specialized applications

               Nota:

               •  include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Two of the best known are graphics and web authoring programs.
               1. More narrowly focused
                  1. Web Authoring
                  2. graphics
            3. Mobile Apps

               Nota:

               • are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers. There are over half a million apps. The most popular mobile apps are for social networking, playing games, and downloading music and videos
               1. Designed for mobile devices
                  1. Social media apps
   3. The purpose
      1. Convert data into information
4. Hardware
   1. Types of Computers
      1. Supercomputers

         Nota:

         • are the most powerful type of computer. These machines are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations. Supercomputers are typically used to process massive amounts of data. For example, they are used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns. IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer is one of the fastest computers in the world. 
         1. Most powerful computers
      2. Mainframe computers

         Nota:

         •  occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms. Although not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage. For example, insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.
         1. Process large amounts of data
      3. Midrange computers

         Nota:

         • also referred to as servers, are computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a  personal computer. Originally used by medium-size companies or departments of large companies to support their processing needs, today midrange computers are most widely used to support or serve end users for such specific needs as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software.
         1. Servers
      4. Personal computers

         Nota:

         • also known as PCs, are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing type of computer. 
         1. Types of PCs
            1. Desktop
            2. Laptop (Notebook)
            3. Tablet
            4. Smartphones
            5. Wearables
         2. Personal Computer Hardware
            1. System Unit

               Nota:

               • The system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.
               1. Houses most of the electronic components
               2. important components
                  1. Microprocessor

                     Nota:

                     • The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce information
                  2. Memory

                     Nota:

                     • a holding area for data, instructions, and information.
                     1. Holds data currently being processed
                     2. Holds the processed information before it is output
                     3. Temporary storage, contents are lost when power is off
            2. Input/Output

               Nota:

               •  translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. Output devices translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand. The most common output device is the display, also known as a monitor.
               1. Input
                  1. Translate data into computer language
                     1. Keyboard and Mouse
               2. Output
                  1. Translate computer data into usable information
                     1. Display and Printer
            3. Secondary Storage

               Nota:

               •  Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even after electric power to the computer system has been turned off. The most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical discs.
               1. Holds data and programs even if power is off
               2. Types of Secondary Storage
                  1. Hard disk

                     Nota:

                     • Hard disks are typically used to store programs and very large data files. Using rigid metallic platters and read/write heads that move across the platters, data and information are stored using magnetic charges on the disk’s surface.
                  2. Solid-state storage

                     Nota:

                     • does not have any moving parts, is more reliable, and requires less power. It saves data and information electronically similar to RAM except that it is not volatile.
                     1. No moving parts
                     2. More reliable
                     3. Requires less power
                  3. Optical disc

                     Nota:

                     • use laser technology to store data and programs. Three types of optical discs are compact discs (CDs), digital versatile (or video) discs (DVDs), and Blu-ray discs (BD).
                     1. Laser technology
                     2. CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray
            4. Communications
               1. Communication devices
                  1. Provide the ability for personal computers to communicate
               2. Modems
                  1. Modify audio, video and other types of data for Internet usage
5. Data

   Nota:

   • Data is raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. processed data becomes information. When stored electronically in files, data can be used directly as input for the system unit.
   1. Raw, unprocessed facts
   2. Processed data becomes information
   3. Digital data is stored electronically in files
   4. types of files
      1. Document
         1. Created by word processors
         2. Term papers
         3. Memos
         4. Letters
      2. Worksheet
         1. Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales
      3. Database
         1. Typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data
      4. Presentation
         1. Created by presentation graphics programs to prepare presentation materials.
6. The Internet

   Nota:

   • The largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world. The web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet. 
   • The Internet has driven the evolution of computers and their impact on our daily lives. In fact, the rate of technological change is accelerating at an ever faster pace. Along with the Internet, three things that are driving the impact of technology on our lives are cloud computing, wireless communication, and the Internet of Things.
   1. Connectivity
      1. Sharing of information
   2. Network
      1. Communications system connecting two or more devices
      2. Central to the concept of connectivity
      3. Largest network is the Internet
      4. Web provides a multimedia interface for Internet resources
   3. driving the forces of technology

      Nota:

      • Wireless communication, cloud computing, and IoT are driving the mobile Internet. They promise to continue to dramatically affect the entire computer industry and how you and I will interact with computers and other devices.
      1. Cloud computing

         Nota:

         • uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet. Rather than relying solely on their computer, users can now use the Internet to connect to the cloud and access more powerful computers, software, and storage.
         1. Computers on the Internet
            1. Access to more resources
      2. Wireless technology
         1. Changed the way we communicate
            1. Widely used by Tablets, smartphones, wearable devices
      3. The Internet of Things (IoT)
         1. Continuing development of the Internet
         2. Allowing all types of devices to communicate