Different Eras

1. described as "original affluent society"
   1. shorter work days
   2. "because they needed so little"
2. developments following human settling
   1. mega-faunal extinction
      1. typically occurred wherever people settled
         1. Clovis culture
            1. disappeared around the same time as mega-faunal extintction
   2. highly stratified societies formed

1. Venus of Willendorf figures
   1. carved from stone, antlers, mammoth tusks, or baked clay
   2. depicts an exaggerated female form
   3. similar forms have been found all over eurasia which suggests network of communication

1. bantu speaking people moved east over several millenia
2. took their skills in cattle-raising, ag, ironworking, and language
3. neanderthals were typically absorbed, killed, or driven away

1. herded animals

1. hunter gatherer communities
2. southern turkey
3. buried dead under their houses, filled the houses, and built new ones on top of them
4. no streets and they travelled on the roof

Nota:

• test

1. after last ice age was coming to end
2. settled down in villages

1. had wheat and pigs (not in americas)
2. area experienced full agricultural revolution

1. dug trenches and connected them to river

1. controlled more of surrounding countryside and are involved in ag

1. farming took off allowing surplus food and time to specialize in other professions

1. writing style invented in sumer in 3200 BC
   1. first found in temples
2. not a language
3. first used as memory aid and lacked clear grammar
4. pictograms

1. sargon is head of empire
2. international language of commerce and diplomacy

1. first written legal system
2. punishment had to fit the crime
3. laws are also a window into society because it shows what problems they were dealing with

1. mesopotamia's ancient poem
2. depicted a pessimistic view of the gods and possibility of afterlife
3. explained deforestation of Meso
   1. gilgamesh decided to make a lasting name for himself by building many walls and and temples that required much timber
      1. had to kill god of forest (Humbaba)
      2. study page 67 of textbook alot***