13408230
Descripción
Mapa Mental por Usuario eliminado, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Olivia McRitchie
hace más de 6 años
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Copiado por Olivia McRitchie
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Seizures
- What is a seizure?
- Caused by abnormal or
uncontrolled neuronal
discharges that can stay in
one area or spread to other
areas of the brain
- Convulsion refers to
the involuntary,
violent spasms of the
large skeletal
muscles
- Not all
seizures
have
convulsions
- Not all
seizures
have
convulsions
- Triggers include
strobe/flickering lights
or the occurrence of
small fluid & electrolyte
imbalances.
- Occurs more
often when pt. is
sleep deprived
- Occurs more
often when pt. is
sleep deprived
- Known causes:
- Infectious disease, such as
meningitis and encephalitis
- Trauma:
- Metabolic disorders causing
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and
water intoxication
- Vascular disease
- Changes in oxygenation caused by respiratory hypoxia
or CO poisoning
- Changes in perfusion caused by things like
hypertension, stroke, shock, and cardiac
dysrhythmia
- Pediatric disorders
- Rapid increases in body temp causing febrile seizures
- Neoplastic disease
- Tumors, especially rapidly growing ones, occupy
space and increase intracranial pressure
- Tumors, especially rapidly growing ones, occupy
space and increase intracranial pressure
- Rapid increases in body temp causing febrile seizures
- Changes in oxygenation caused by respiratory hypoxia
or CO poisoning
- Vascular disease
- Direct blows to the skull causing brain sweling
- Presence of toxic substances, ingestion of poison
(chemical trauma)
- Metabolic disorders causing
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and
water intoxication
- Trauma:
- Infectious disease, such as
meningitis and encephalitis
- Caused by abnormal or
uncontrolled neuronal
discharges that can stay in
one area or spread to other
areas of the brain
- Effects on life
- Antiseizure drugs decrease
effectiveness of birth control
- Moat antiseizure drugs are
pregnancy category D
- Eclampsia is severe pregnancy
hypertension. Some women will
have seizures within 72 hours after
delivery
- Nagnesium sulfate, for
whatever reason, treats
eclamptic seizures
- Nagnesium sulfate, for
whatever reason, treats
eclamptic seizures
- Epileptics cannot drive.
- Seizures can limit participation in
school, employment, and social
activity.
- Chronic depression can result
- Nursing care includes identifying at risk patients,
documenting pattern and type of seizure, and
implementing safety precautions
- Nursing care includes identifying at risk patients,
documenting pattern and type of seizure, and
implementing safety precautions
- Chronic depression can result
- Seizures can limit participation in
school, employment, and social
activity.
- Antiseizure drugs decrease
effectiveness of birth control
- Types
- Determining cause of recurrent
seizures is important for appropriate
drug selection
- Partial
- Simple
- Hallucinations; intense emotion; twitching of arms, legs, and fingers
- Hallucinations; intense emotion; twitching of arms, legs, and fingers
- Complex
- Aura before seizure' confusion or sleepiness after seizure;
attempting to remove clothes; not responding to verbal commands
- Aura before seizure' confusion or sleepiness after seizure;
attempting to remove clothes; not responding to verbal commands
- Simple
- Generalized
- Absence (petit mal)
- Lasts a few secs; starting into space and
not responding to commands
- Seen most often
in children
- May be
misdiagnosed as
ADHD or
daydreaming
- May be
misdiagnosed as
ADHD or
daydreaming
- Seen most often
in children
- Lasts a few secs; starting into space and
not responding to commands
- Atonic (drop attacks)
- Falling/stumbling for no reason; lasts a
couple secs
- Falling/stumbling for no reason; lasts a
couple secs
- Tonic-clonic (grand mal)
- Preceding aura
- Intense muscle contraction (tonic phase), followed by
alternating contraction and relaxation (clonic phase)
- Crying at beginning; loss of bowel/bladder control; shallow
breathing w/periods of apnea
- 1-2 minutes
- Disorientation & deep sleep after
seizure
- 1-2 minutes
- Crying at beginning; loss of bowel/bladder control; shallow
breathing w/periods of apnea
- Intense muscle contraction (tonic phase), followed by
alternating contraction and relaxation (clonic phase)
- Preceding aura
- Absence (petit mal)
- Special
- Febrile
- Tonic-conic activity lasting 1-2 min;
rapid return to consciousness.
- Mostly in children btwn 3
months & 5 yrs old
- Mostly in children btwn 3
months & 5 yrs old
- Tonic-conic activity lasting 1-2 min;
rapid return to consciousness.
- Myoclonic
- Large jerking movement of major
muscle group; falling from sitting or
dropping object being held
- Large jerking movement of major
muscle group; falling from sitting or
dropping object being held
- Status epilepticus
- Continuous seizure activity
that can lead to coma &
death
- Medical emergency
- Medical emergency
- Continuous seizure activity
that can lead to coma &
death
- Febrile
- Determining cause of recurrent
seizures is important for appropriate
drug selection
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