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13592123
Schmolck et al. (2002)
Descripción
Edexcel A Level Psychology: Cognitive contemporary study
Sin etiquetas
psychology - key studies / studies
cognitive
a level
Mapa Mental por
Molly Burns
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Molly Burns
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Resumen del Recurso
Schmolck et al. (2002)
ABOUT
AIM
To find out if Semantic LTM is linked to a particular part of the brain
IV
The extent of brain injury
DV
Scores on 9 separate tests of semantic LTM
SAMPLE
6 patients with severe damage to the MTL and 8 Controls with no brain damage
3 of the patients also had damage to the temporal cortex generally (MTL+)
METHODS
A natural experiment with matched pairs design.
The type of cognitive test is a repeated measures design because each participant did every test.
PROCEDURE
Schmolck created 9 tests for Semantic LTM functions. All were based on a set of 48 drawings
Half of animals and half of objects
These pictures were grouped in sixes: 6 land animals, 6 birds, 6 musical instruments, 6 vehicles, etc.
EXAMPLES OF THE 9 TESTS
Category sorting: the participants were given all 48 pictures and asked to sort them into “living” or “man made”
Category fluency: the participants were asked to give as many examples as possible from each theme within a minute
The participants were tape recorded and their responses transcribed (typed up).
14 'raters' checked each transcript for reliability
They ooked for grammar/syntax errors in the way the participants spoke because problems with language also indicates trouble with semantic memory.
RESULTS
MTL+ Group: These patients did significantly worse in all the tests
There was a positive correlation between the amount of brain damage and the number of mistakes.
H.M. did better than the MTL+ patients but slightly worse than the other MTL patients who had damage solely to the hippocampus
CONCLUSION
A clear link between damage to the temporal cortex generally and the loss of semantic LTM.
Patients with damage specific to the hippocampus suffered loss of episodic memory, but not semantic memory.
This suggests that semantic and episodic LTM are encoded in different parts of the brain,
EVALUATION
GENERALISABILITY
Only a small sample was used which means results can easily be distorted by anomalies
RELIABILITY
It has standardised procedures that could be replicated by other researchers.
14 raters to check the participants’ scores and their agreement gives this study inter-rater reliability.
APPLICATION
Helps us understand the side-effects of brain damage on memory
VALIDITY
Lacks ecological validity as tasks are artificial
ETHICS
This study involved patients who could not give valid consent, because they would not be able to remember having the study explained to them.
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