Syntax

Nota:

• study of sentence structures

1. Clauses
   1. Subject/Verb form
   2. Must have a finite verb
2. Phrases
   1. Subject phrases

      Nota:

      • Noun phrases that determine the conjugation of verbs and pronouns
   2. Object phrases

      Nota:

      • Noun phrases that follow the verb in declarative sentences
   3. Adverbial phrases

      Nota:

      • usually adverb phrases, are OPTIONAL and can occur in many places in a clause
   4. Complement phrases

      Nota:

      • add information to another phrase, ESSENTIAL in grammatical sentences
3. Grammatical word order
4. Sentence structure
   1. Simple Sentence

      Nota:

      • ONE clause
   2. Compound sentence

      Nota:

      • Coordinating conjunction
   3. Complex sentence

      Nota:

      • Subordinating conjunction. The subordinating clause CANNOT stand as a simple sentence
   4. Compound-complex sentence

      Nota:

      • Coordinating AND subordinating conjunction
5. Sentence types
   1. Declarative

      Nota:

      • Statement
   2. Imperative

      Nota:

      • Instructions, commands
   3. Exclamative

      Nota:

      • Expresses emotions, e.g. surprise, disgust and annoyance
   4. Interrogative

      Nota:

      • Questions