ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

CHARACTERISTIC OF ORGANIC COMPOUND
1. all contain C atom & most H atom
2. heteroatom
  1. halogen
  2. oxygen
  3. sulphur
  4. nitrogen
3. physical properties
  1. non-polar
  2. insoluble in polar solvent
  3. soluble in non-polar solvent
  4. low m.p.& b.p.
  5. non-electrolyte
4. chemical bond
  1. sharing electron
  2. covalent compound
  3. can form single, double @ triple
  4. C atom - 4 bonds
TYPES OF FORMULAE
1. stuctural formulae
  1. condensed
  2. skeletal
  3. expanded
2. molecular formulae
3. empirical formulae
4. general formulae
5. 3-dimensional formulae
MOLECULAR COMPLEXITY
1. straight chain
2. branched chain
3. rings
4. FUNCTIONAL GROUP- chemistry of compound
5. can be arranged in different position
TYPES OF CARBON & HYDROGEN IN ORGANIC MOLECULES
1. alkyl group ( CnH2n+1 )
2. primary
3. secondary
4. tertiary
5. quartenary
6. carbon - attaches to alkyl group
7. hydrogen/ alcohol/ haloalkenes - attaches to types of carbon atom
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
1. same functional group-same chemistry
2. FG is not change position
3. prepared by similar methode
4. physically changes- molar mass increase
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
ISOMERISM
1. stuctural
  1. chain isomerism
    Nota:
    - different C atom same chemical prpties slightly diff. physical prpties more branching=lower b.p. (little VDW)
  2. position isomerism
  3. functional group isomerism
2. stereoisomerism
  Nota:
  - atom occupy different position in space
  1. geometrical isomerism
    Nota:
    - get whwn molecules have a chiral centre. 2 non-superimposible mirror images
  2. optical isomerism
    Nota:
    - restrictes rotation of C=C
    1. Cis
    2. Trans
TYPES OF BOND CLEAVAGES
TYPES OF REACTING SPECIES
TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTION

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