ATOM & STOICHIOMETRY

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(ATOM & STOICHIOMETRY) CHEMISTRY 2 Mapa Mental sobre ATOM & STOICHIOMETRY, creado por emptyastea el 08/07/2013.
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Creado por emptyastea hace alrededor de 11 años
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Resumen del Recurso

ATOM & STOICHIOMETRY
  1. MATTER

    Nota:

    • Occupies space & mass exist everywhere exc. vaccum solid, liquid & gas
    1. pure subtances
      1. element

        Nota:

        •  is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means 
        1. compound

          Nota:

          • a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
        2. mixtures
          1. homogenous
            1. heterogenous

              Nota:

              • wet sand
          2. ATOM

            Nota:

            •  The smallest unit of an element. Consists of a nucleus and electrons.   Atom cannot be created, destroyed or split.
            1. molecules

              Nota:

              •  Two or more atoms combine together(held together by a strong chemical bond) i.e. H2, O2, N2
              1. ions

                Nota:

                • charged atom
                1. cation (+)

                  Nota:

                  •  an atom that has lost one or more electrons making it positively charged.
                  1. anion (-)

                    Nota:

                    • an atom that gained one or more electrons making it negatively charged 
                    1. polyatomic ion

                      Nota:

                      •  ions that contain two or more atoms in it.  e.g: OH- , NO3-, CO32-, NH4+ 
                  2. FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES

                    Nota:

                    •  Also known as subatomic particles   A typical atom consists of a nucleus composed of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by a cloud of orbiting negatively charged electrons   Proton and neutrons join together to form a nucleus and are called as nucleons 
                    1. electron

                      Nota:

                      • Symbol e-   Mass (kg) 9.109 × 10-31   Approximate relative mass (a.m.u.) 0.0  Electric Charge -1 
                      1. neutron

                        Nota:

                        • Symbol  [n]   Mass (kg)  [1.675 × 10-27 ] Approximate relative mass (a.m.u.)   [1.0]   Electric Charge  [0] 
                        1. proton

                          Nota:

                          • Symbol  p+    Mass (kg)  1.673 × 10-27   Approximate relative mass (a.m.u.)   1.0 Electric Charge +1
                          1. electric & magnetic field

                            Nota:

                            •  The beam of electrons and protons are deflected when fired through electric or the magnetic field whereas the neutron are not deflected   This showed that both electrons and protons have charges   Electrons are lighter than proton because it deflected much more in the electric and magnetic field 
                          2. PROTON NUMBER

                            Nota:

                            •  Is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom   identical to the charge number of the nucleus    Atom is neutral particles. Hence, the number of protons in the molecules of an atom is the same as the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus   Example: atomic number of nitrogen (N) is 7. So nitrogen contains 7 protons and 7 electrons  The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element   So each element has different proton number that are arranged in an ascending order 
                            1. atomic number
                            2. NUCLEON NUMBER

                              Nota:

                              •  Total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element   Nucleon number = Number of neutrons + Proton number = number of neutrons + atomic number 
                              • USES:  gives a useful rough figure for the atomic mass  Are used to identify isotopes  
                              1. mass number
                                1. A-Z
                                2. ISOTOPES

                                  Nota:

                                  •  Are atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons   Have same chemical properties( because they are atoms of the same element) but different physical properties  Different isotopes of the same element cannot have the same nucleon number, but isotopes of different elements often do have the same mass number
                                  1. stable

                                    Nota:

                                    •  Stable isotope will not disintegrate the nuclei spontaneously
                                    1. unstable

                                      Nota:

                                      •  Unstable isotopes known as radioactive isotopes will disintegrate spontaneously to form a new nucleus (new element)   If the new nucleus that formed are also not stable, it will further decay until a new stable nucleus is obtained.   The disintegration of the isotope will emits electromagnetic waves  
                                      1. alpha
                                        1. beta
                                          1. gamma
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