VACCINATION

1. natural immunity

   Nota:

   • natural immunity =nonspecific immunity
2. acquired immunity

   Nota:

   • acquired immunity 

Nota:

• immunization agents:- 1-vaccines 2-toxoid (which make antibodies) 3-immune globulin Ig 4-antitoxin (made antibodies )

1. active immunization

   Nota:

   • including :- Ag(live/kill)+patient=antibodies1-attenuated vaccines (live).2-inactivated vaccines (killed) :-whole/subunite.3-toxoid vaccines :- toxins *شعار اللقاح الانتخابي لامرض ولامضاعفات
   1. Attenuated (live )vaccines
      1. used => Measles
      2. used=>Mumps
      3. used =>Rubella
      4. used =>oral polio
      5. used=>BCG
      6. used =>Rota virus
   2. inactivated (killed) vaccines

      Nota:

      • need additional adjauvant /booster to re-provide the immunity and activation /
      1. whole organism (inactivate)
         1. whole cell pertussis
      2. detoxified exotoxin
         1. tetanus / diphtheria toxoid
      3. purified protein antigents
         1. a cellular pertussis/ hepattitis B
      4. Polysaccharides
         1. capsular meningococcal vaccine
      5. capsular polysachraid conjugated to carrier
         1. protein e.g Hib /pneumococcal conjugated
      6. components of the organism
         1. e.g subunit influnza vaccine
   3. toxoid vaccines
2. passive immunization

   Nota:

   • including :-  Ag +animal=antibodies => inj. in patients ----------------------------- most common/temporry
   1. specific HISG

      Nota:

      • specific equine antibodies IM:- 1-botulism antitoxin 2-diphtheria antitoxin 3-tetanus antitoxin 4-snake & spider anti-venom
      1. Intra-muscular I.M.

         Nota:

         • intra-muscular HISG e.g. :- Hepatitis B / Tetanus
      2. intra-venous

         Nota:

         • intra-venous HISG e.g.:- cytomegalovirus / RSV
   2. non-specific HISG
      1. intra-muscular IG

         Nota:

         • NON-specific Intra-muscular IG:- 1-Hepatitis A 2-Measles 
      2. Intravenous IG

Nota:

• write the vaccination schudel in iraq respublic 

Adjunto:

• vaccination in Iraq