Company- Busniess
organisation owned
by shareholders
Financial
period- Period
of time usually
12 months in
which financial
reporting is
done
Financial
Statements-
reports prepared
from accn Records
ShareHolders-
Collective name
for owners of
company
Transaction-
Any business
deal of a
financial
nature
Members-
Collective
name of
owners of a
CC
Depreciation-
the amount
charged each
year for the
usage of
depreciable
fixed assets.
As the
allocation of
the cost of
the asset over
its useful life
Forms of companies
Sole Trader, no
legal
personality,
limited life
span no limited
liability, owners
manage,
personal tax
Partnership- no legal
personality, limited
life span, 2-20
partners, jointly and
severally liable for
debts, partners
manage, personal tax
Close Corportion- jurustic personality, seperate
legal entity, unlimited life, 1-10 members,
members have limited liability, members
manage, company tax and tax on distributions
Companies- Juristic personality, seperate legal entity,
1-50 shareholders if private, if public min of 7 no max,
BOD manage, Companies pay tax and tax on
distributions
Users of Accn Informations
Primary Users- Ownership
interest, providers of
capital, investors
Secondary Users-
Financial Interest, No
ownership,
Managements &
employees
Tertiary Users- No Ownership, No
Financial interest, Financial analysts,
SARS, Government
Underlying Assumptions
Accrual
Basis
Going
Concern
Entity
Convention
The Qualitative Characteristics
of Financial statements
Understandability
Reliability
Relavance & Reliability
Timeliness
Cost/Benefit
Comparability
Materilality
Asset- Controlled by business, Past event, Future benefit
Current
Realised within 12 months
Inventories
Non Current
Tangable
Property,Plant,Equipment
Intangable
BrandNames, Licenses, CopyRights
Liabitltiy- Obligation, past event, outflow of resouces
Current
Short Term (Within 12 Months)
NonCurrent
Long Term(Longer than normal operating cycle)
A=OE+L
Assets
Owners Equity
Capital
Income
-Expenses
-Dividends
If OE is (-) business
is insolvent
Liabilities
Depreciation------strightline method (Cost/UL)
+A-
-L+
+D-
-I+
-C+
+E-
No Gross
Profit/Cost
of sales for
services
rendered