Concepts and Classification

Nota:

• Many and Varied Depend on need and viewpoint E.g Pneumonia Aetiological : Klebsiella pneumonia Pathogenic: Hypostatic pneumonia Pathological: Bronchopneumonia Clinical: Hospital acquired pneumonia or old mans friend

1. Concepts

   Nota:

   • Historical: Demon Possession Current: Medicine to cure, Future: Genetics? Pathological definition: Pathological process at a certain site Pathological processes can be defined as inflammation, healing, thrombosis, embolism, infarction or disordered growth including neoplasia
   1. Important linking concepts

      Nota:

      • Pathogenesis (how does the causative agent produce the effects) Clinico-pathological correlation (how do the morphological changes produce the clinical effects and the investigative changes)
2. Classification
   1. Epidermology

      Nota:

      • Patterns of disease within a population. Information include: Frequency Race Socio-economlcal distribution Sex
   2. Aetiology

      Nota:

      • Inherited: From the  Acquired from somewhere: Trauma Infection Hypoxia Chemical Nutritional Autoimmunity Or just unknown: idiopathic essential Primary cryptogenic
   3. Pathogenesis

      Nota:

      • Mechanism by which the agent that caused the disease changes the structure and function of the organism.
   4. Morphology

      Nota:

      • Changes in structure seen in the disease. Macroscopic (gross anatomy) vs Microscopic (histological pathology)
   5. Clinical Manifestation

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      • Signs and Symptoms Signs (quantifiable stuff) Symptoms (what the subject experienced/complained)
   6. Investigative Findings

      Nota:

      • Imaging procedure (x-ray) Biochemical Microbiologcal Haematological Immunological Other
3. Disease outcomes

   Nota:

   • Complications: Other diseases that develop as a direct consequence of another disease Prognosis: Likely outcome Natural History: Course of untreated disease.