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16997253
Breast Lump
Descripción
Mapa Mental sobre Breast Lump, creado por Moza Almualla el 25/02/2019.
Mapa Mental por
Moza Almualla
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Más
Menos
Creado por
Moza Almualla
hace casi 6 años
77
0
0
Resumen del Recurso
Breast Lump
Normal structure and function of breast
Pair of modified sweat glands
Location
Superficial fascia of pectoral region
Functional parts
Epithelial part
Milk production
Connective tissue part
Make up and support
Coopers Ligament
Lymph drainage
Hormones
Estrogen
Ductal development
Progesterone
Lobular development and differentiation of epithelium
Prolactin
Lactogenesis
Tanner stages
Cancer
Epidemiology
Estimated Mortality rate worldwide (All ages)
UAE
Classification
Ductal
In situ (DCIS)
Malignant proliferation of the cell in ducts
No invasion
Mammography > calcification > biopsy
Paget's disease
DCIS involve the nipple
Invasive
Duct-like structure and desmoplastic stroma
Present as a mass
4 subtypes
Tubular
Tubule lacks myoepithelial cells
Good prognosis
Medullary
High-grade cells / Lymphocytes / Plasma cells
Good prognosis
BRCA 1
Mucinous
Tubule in mucus pools
Good prognosis
Older women
Inflammatory
In dermal lymphatics
Inflamed swollen breast
Poor prognosis
Tubular / Lobular
In situ (LCIS)
Malignant proliferation of the cell in lobule
No invasion
No mass or calcification
Dyscohesive cells
Multifocal and bilateral
Responsd to tamoxifen
Invasive
Single file pattern
Signet cell morphology
No duct formation
Lack E-cadherin
Staining
Estrogen and progesterone receptor
Designed antibodies against them
Inside the nucleus
HER2/neu amplification
A growth factor receptor
Designed antibodies against HER2 receptor
On the cell surface
Genetic mutations
Repair DNA damage
BRCA1 and BRCA2
ATM
Ataxia-telangiectasia
BRIP1
BARD1
Works with BRCA1
MRE11A
Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder
NBN
Nijmegen breakage syndrome
RAD50
MSH6 and PMS2
Mismatch repair genes
Lynch syndrome
PALB2
Partner and localizer of BRCA 2
Breast cancer
RAD51C
Breast and ovarian cancer
Tumor suppressor gene
TP53
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
CHEK2
Cancer: breast / colon / prostate
PTEN
Cowden syndrome
STK11
Peutz Jegher syndrome
Helps cells to bind together
CDH1
Stomach cancer / Invasive lobular breast cancer
Screening
DNA Microarrays Technology
Show the expression of the genes
Grading
Grade 1
Well differentiated
Most like normal breast cells and usually slow-growing
Grade 2
Moderately differentiated
Less like normal cells and is growing faster
Grade 3
Poorly differentiated
Different to normal breast cells and is usually fast-growing
Staging
TNM staging system
5 stages
T: Tumor
N: Lymph node
M: Metastasis
Molecular classification
Luminal A
Hormone-receptor positive (ER and/or PR positive)
HER2 negative
Luminal B
Hormone-receptor positive (ER and/or PR positive)
Faster than luminal A
HER2 either positive or negative
Triple-negative/basal-like
Hormone-receptor negative (ER and PR negative)
Common in BRCA 1mutation
HER2 negative
HER2-enriched
Hormone-receptor negative (ER and PR negative)
HER2 positive
Normal-like
Similar to luminal A
Worse prognosis than luminal A
Factors
Risk
Female gender
Advancing age
Family history
Ethnicity
Early menstrual period
Protective
Healthy weight
Breastfeeding
Limiting alcohol intake
Exercise
Multiple pregnancy
Diagnosis
Examinations
Physical
Self
Investigations
Mammogram
Types
Screening
Diagnostic
Disadvantages
False-positive results
Overdiagnosis and overtreatment
False-negative results
Ultrasound
Detect abnormality type
MRI
Screening high-risk women
Monitoring treatment
Biopsy
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
Core needle biopsy
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (guided)
Surgical Biopsy
Blood tests
Markers
CA 15.3 / TRU-QUANT/ CA 27.29 / CA125
Progression / Recurrence / Expensive
Management
Local
Surgery
Lumpectomy
Mastectomy
Subtypes
Radical mastectomy
Modified radical mastectomy
Simple mastectomy
Skin-sparing mastectomy
Pre-operative management
Discontinuation of Aspirin
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray
To remove lymph nodes
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)
Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND)
Surgery for advanced breast cancer
Breast reconstruction
Implant reconstruction
Autologous or "flap" reconstruction
Tissue expansion
Radiation Therapy
Systemic
Chemotherapy
Neoadjuvant
Adjuvant
Hormonal therapy
ER or PR positive breast cancer
Targeted therapy
HER2-positive breast cancer
Post-operative pain
Short-acting anesthetic bupivacaine
Psychoeducation
Follow up
Doctor visits
Mammograms
Pelvic exams
Bone density tests
Other tests
Prognosis
Depends on many factors
5-year survival rate
Average is 90%
Located only in breast is 99%
In regional lymph nodes is 85%
In metastasis is 27%
10-year survival rate is 83%
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
Ld (binary/octet-stream)
R (binary/octet-stream)
Mot (binary/octet-stream)
Untitled (binary/octet-stream)
Dci (binary/octet-stream)
Paget (binary/octet-stream)
Muc (binary/octet-stream)
Tub (binary/octet-stream)
In (binary/octet-stream)
Her (binary/octet-stream)
Er (binary/octet-stream)
Gm (binary/octet-stream)
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