Muhammed’s Spleen is Palpable

Epidemiology
1. BY RACE & ETHNICITY
  1. White people
2. BY AGE GROUP
  1. 65-74
3. % surviving 5 years
  1. 61.4%
Leukocytosis Vs Leukemia
1. both have High WBC count
  1. Leukemia
    1. Caused by genetic mutations
    2. More severe
      1. WBCs don’t function properly
    3. Always pathological
  2. Leukocytosis
    1. Caused by infections
    2. pathological or physiological effects
    3. Less severe
      1. WBCs function normally
pharmacology
1. Imatinib
  1. Action
    1. inihibiting tyrosine kinase enzyme
  2. Side effects
    1. nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
      1. edema/skin rash
  3. Administration
    1. given orally and metabolized by CYP3A4
2. Dasatinib & Nilotinib
  1. Administration
    1. orally
  2. Action
    1. inihibiting tyrosine kinase enzyme
  3. Used in
    1. ALL
    2. CML
high WBC count over 11,000 cells/mm3
1. Only one type of WBC is affected
  1. Basophils
    1. may occur in people with a history of underactive thyroid disease, known as hypothyroidism.
  2. Monocytes
    1. indicate the presence of chronic infection, an autoimmune or blood disorder, cancer.
  3. Lymphocytes
    1. lymphocytic leukocytosis. It may also be linked to specific lymphomas and leukemias.
  4. Neutrophils
    1. neutrophilic leukocytosis: This condition is a normal immune response, such as infection, injury,, some
  5. Eosinophils
    1. If a person registers high levels of eosinophils, the body might be reacting to a parasitic infection, allergen, or asthma
2. Causes
  1. Allergy
  2. Drugs
  3. Polycythemia vera
  4. Leukemia
  5. Stress
Leukemoid Reaction
1. Normal response & subsides after eliminating the stressor
  1. WBC count 15,000-100,00 cells/mm3.
  2. Dohle bodies
  3. High NAP/LAP scores
  4. Toxic granulations
Genetic tests
1. PCR
  1. using a blood sample or bone marrow cells To find the BCR-ABL fusion gene
2. (FISH)
  1. FISH can be used to look for specific pieces of the BCRABL gene on chromosomes.
Types of leukemia
1. ACUTE leukemia
  1. > 20% blasts in bone marrow
    1. MYELOID
      1. AML
        gum infiltrates
        Auer rods
        15-60yrs
    2. LYMPHOID
      1. ALL
        newborns-14yrs
        B-ALL is more common
        Dense chromatin is found in mature cells
2. CHRONIC leukemia
  1. < 20% blasts in bone marrow
    1. MYELOID
      1. CML
        25-60 yrs
        Philadelphia chromosome
        Splenomegaly
        Causes
        Cirrhosis
        Cystic fibrosis
        Cytomegalovirus
        Lymphoma
        Symptoms
        Anemiaؤ
        Fatigue
        Frequent infections
        Basophilia
    2. LYMPHOID
      1. CLL
        common in adults
        Asymptomatic
        smudge cells

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Muhammed’s Spleen is Palpable

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	Creado por Hyatt Alraeesi hace casi 6 años