say, talk, wanted to know, asked, confessed, refused, suggested, advised...
reported
statements
Nota:
S+ told sb. (that)+ S+ reported verb+ rest of the sentece
Ex. "I really like you" Alain told her.Alain told her that he really liked her
questions
yes/no/maybe
Nota:
S+ wanted to know + IF+ S+ reported verb+ rest of the sentence
Ex. "Will you be able to look at him at his face ever again?" - Anne exclaimed to her sister
Anne exclaimed to her sister IF she WOULD BE able to look at him in his face ever again.
W/H (for details)
Nota:
S+ asked /wanted to know W/H + S+ reported verb
Ex.: "Where the heck is Mary?" - Marcos asked
Marcos wanted to know WHERE THE HECK MARY WAS
requests/comm.
Nota:
S+ asked/ordered/ sb. TO/NOT TO + VERB+ rest of the sentence
Ex. "Leave me alone"- she cried too her mom.
She desperately asked her mom TO LEAVE her alone
time expressions/place backshift
Nota:
Here-there
this-that, the
these-those, the
today-that day
tomorrow-the next day
yesterday- the day before
last year- the previous year
verb tenses backshift
reported verbs
possesive pronouns/adj. backshift
Nota:
It will always depend on the context
Ex.: "I will never trust my friend Glen a secret again"- Linda complained
Linda said that SHE would never trust HER friend Glen with a secret again