1846556
Psychology - Cognitive interview
improving the accuracy of Eye Witness
Testimony (EWT)
- Main Techniques
- Context Reinstatement
- Mentally recreate the situation
- Milne and Bull - Children and students
- Mentally recreate the situation
- Changed Perspective
- Recreate from a different point of view
- Recreate from a different point of view
- Reverse Order
- Recall scene in a different order than what it happened in
- Recall scene in a different order than what it happened in
- Report Everything
- Even if information seems irrelevant
- Milne and Bull - Children and Students
- Mello and Fisher - Elderly
- Even if information seems irrelevant
- Context Reinstatement
- Additional Features
- Minimized distractions
- Reduced anxiety
- Getting the witness to speak slowly
- Ask open-ended questions
- Minimized distractions
- Fisher et al 1989
- Aim
- To assess the performance of police officers in gathering information using the ECI compared to SI
- To assess the performance of police officers in gathering information using the ECI compared to SI
- Participants
- Police officers
- Police officers
- Measures
- Performance and validity of information
- Performance and validity of information
- Design
- POs were trained to use CI
- Field Experiment
- POs were trained to use CI
- Findings
- Police gained 47% more useful information compared to when they used SI techniques
- Police gained 47% more useful information compared to when they used SI techniques
- Conclusion
- CI is more effective way of getting accurate information from EWs
- CI is more effective way of getting accurate information from EWs
- Strengths
- Field experiment with high ecological validity
- Research shows its more effective than SI
- Kohnken 1999
- Meta analysis 53 studies
- 34% improvement when generating information
- Meta analysis 53 studies
- Kohnken 1999
- Milne and Bull
- Interviewed students and children
- Best components for generating information is 'report everything' and 'context reinstatement'
- Interviewed students and children
- Mello and Fisher 1996
- Elderly - 'Report everything' was the best component
- Elderly - 'Report everything' was the best component
- Field experiment with high ecological validity
- Weaknesses
- Difficult to evaluate because CI uses a range of procedures
- Kebbell interviewed police officers and found that CI requires more time
- Memon 1994
- Police officers need time for the training
- This costs money
- Police officers need time for the training
- Difficult to evaluate because CI uses a range of procedures
- Aim
- Geiselman et al 1986
- Aim - Study effect of
- CI
- SI
- HI
- CI
- Conclusion
- Enhances memory recall
- Reduces effect of misleading questions
- Enhances memory recall
- Weakness - PPs not matched
- Aim - Study effect of
- Geiselman et al 1985
- Aim - to compare the validity of CIs to SIs
- Findings - Increase in number of correctly recalled items using CI
- Conclusion - CIs can lead to more accurate information
- Design
- PPs watched 2 films of violent crimes
- 48 hours later they were interviewed by either CI or SI
- PPs watched 2 films of violent crimes
- PPs - 51 Volunteers
- Measures - accuracy of memory
- Aim - to compare the validity of CIs to SIs
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