Grade 10 Biology

Cells
1. Theory
  1. all organisms are made up of 1+ cells
  2. cell is the basic unit of life
  3. cells produced by division of pre-existing cells
2. Organelles
  1. Plant
    1. cell wall
    2. chloroplasts
    3. large central vacuole
    4. store energy as starch + oils
  2. Animal
    1. Lysosomes
    2. Store energy in the form of glycogen + lipids
    3. specialized compounds
      1. hemoglobin in red blood cells
    4. centrioles
3. diffusion
  1. high concentration to low
4. Cycle
  1. Interphase
    1. Growth Phase 1 and 2
    2. Synthesis/DNA Replication
  2. Mitosis
    1. Prophase
      1. Metaphase
        Anaphase
        Telephase
        Cytokinesis
    2. Prophase
5. Stem Cells
  1. unspecialized
  2. Embryonic
    1. embryos
  3. Adult
    1. skin, blood, nerurons
  4. Plant
    1. root tips + stems
6 Characteristics of a Living Thing
1. S.E.A.R.C.H.
  1. Stimuli
  2. Energy
  3. Adapt & Evolve
  4. Reproduce
  5. Cells
  6. Hereditary
Microscopes
1. Compound LIght
  1. 200X
2. Scanning Electron
  1. 300 000X
3. Atomic Force
  1. micrometer
4. Transmission Electron
  1. 1.5 million X
5. Scanning Tunneling
  1. less than 1 nanometer
Cancer
1. uncontrolled cell growth
2. tumour
  1. caused by a mutation
    1. inherited
    2. random
    3. environment
      1. radiation
    4. chemicals
      1. drugs
  2. Benign
    1. relatively harmless
    2. moderate rate
    3. does not spread
  3. Malignant
    1. dangerous
    2. can spread
    3. rapid rate
3. Aptosis
  1. death of no longer useful cells
  2. after replicating 50-60X
  3. necrosis
    1. self destructing
      1. toxins
      2. heat
      3. lack of oxygen
4. lymphatic system
  1. cancer spreads through lymph nodes
5. Treatment
  1. surgery
  2. radiotherapy
  3. chemotherapy
Systems
1. Circulatory
2. Digestive
3. Endocrine
4. Execretory
5. Integumentary
6. Lymphatic
7. Muscular
8. Nervous
9. Reproductive
10. Respiratory
11. Skeletal
12. Organs
  1. Animals
    1. Brain
    2. Heart
    3. Liver
    4. Lungs
    5. Liver
    6. Pancreas
    7. Stomach
    8. Kidneys
    9. Small & Large Intestine
    10. Skin
  2. Plants
    1. Roots
    2. Stems
      1. xylem lifts nutrients from roots
      2. phloem moves nutrients
    3. Leaves
      1. CO2 and O2 move through stomata
      2. ground tissues called mesophyll
    4. Flowers
  3. Tissues
    1. Plants
      1. Meristematic
      2. Epidermal
      3. Ground
      4. Vascular
    2. Animals
      1. Epthelial
      2. Connective
      3. Muscle
      4. Nervous
Technology & Ethics
1. Medical Imaging
  1. X-Ray
    1. Fluoroscopy
    2. Radiotherapy
  2. Ultrasound
  3. CT Scan
  4. MRI
  5. Nuclear
  6. PET
  7. Biophotonics
2. Ethical Issues
  1. Vaccinations
    1. requirements are paternalistic
    2. cause autism
  2. Organ Transplants
    1. trafficking
    2. without consent
  3. Gene Therapy
    1. experimental
  4. Cloning
    1. genetic diseases
    2. design offspring
    3. suffering
  5. Transgenic organisms
    1. genetic diversity
    2. not natural
    3. suffering

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