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GCSE Edexcel Physics - Motion and Forces
- A scalar has a magnitude but no direction
- A vector has a magnitude and a direction
- Velocity is speed in a stated direction
- Speed = distance / time
- On a distance time graph, the gradient is the speed
- Acceleration = change in velocity / time
- On a velocity time graph, the gradient is acceleration
- On a velocity time graph, the area under the graph is the distance
- Acceleration in free fall is 10ms^-2 due to gravity
- Newtons first law - where the resultant force is 0, the object will remain stationary / at a constant velocity
- Newton's second law - Force = mass x acceleration
- Weight = mass x gravity
- Weight can be measured using a newton meter
- The higher the weight of a body, the higher it's gravitational field strength
- An object moving in a circular motion has a constant speed but a changing velocity as it changes direction
- For circular motion there must be a centripetal force towards the centre of the circle
- Walking - 1.4m/s
- Running - 3m/s
- Cycling - 5.5 m/s
- Cars (built up) - 13m/s
- Cars (motorway) - 31m/s
- Planes - 250m/s
- Trains - 55m/s
- Wind - 5-20m/s
- Sound in air - 340m/s
- Ferries - 15m/s
- Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity
- 1) Record the mass of the trolley, unit masses and hanging hook
- 2) Mark a line on the ramp before the first light gate so the
trolley moves the same distance
- 3) Attach the trolley to the hanging mass and let go of it at the
start line
- 4) Each light gate records the time that the trolley passes
through and the speed of it at that time
- 5) Acceleration can be calculated by using the initial speed (1st
gate), final speed (last gate) and the time taken to move
between them
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