Chemistry 2

Monatomic elements
1. 1 type of atom
2. 1 atom separately
3. Group 18 naturally monatomic
Molecules / Diatomic
1. 2+ atoms bonded together
2. Molecules of two atoms called diatomic molecules
3. Group 17 naturally diatomic
4. Most non-metals
Periodic Table
1. Represented by symbols
2. Vertical columns= groups / families
3. Horizontal Rows= Periods
4. Horizontally increases atomic number
5. Group 1
  1. Alkali Metals
  2. Form a base when reacts with H2O
6. Group 2
  1. Earth Alkali Metals
  2. Form a base when react with H20 but don't dissolve more
7. Group 17
  1. Halogens
  2. Salt forming
8. Group 18
  1. Noble gases
  2. Inert Gases
  3. Don't take part in chemical reactions
9. Group A= Representative elements
10. Group B= Transition elements
Metals
1. Malleable
2. Ductile
3. Conduct heat & electricity
4. Lustre
5. Dense
6. High melting point
7. Rusts/corrodes with oxygen and H2O
8. Left side of table
9. 2/3 of elements
Metalliods
1. shiny/dull
2. Malleable & Ductile
3. Near steps/ boundaries
4. Conductors- not as well as metals
5. Germanium, Silicon, boron, sand
Non-Metals
1. Dull
2. Don't conduct heat/electricity
3. Can be in any state of matter
4. Brittle, break easily
5. Low density
6. Low melting point
7. Don't form crystals
8. Right side of table
Atomic structure
1. Sub-atomic particles
2. Proton & Neutron in nucleus
3. electrons in valance shell/ electron cloud
4. Mass of atom= nucleus
5. Volume of atom= cloud/shell
6. Electron
  1. e-
  2. negative charge
  3. orbit nucleus because attracted to protons
  4. In uncharged, neutral atom, electrons=protons
7. Proton
  1. p+
  2. In nucleus
  3. positive charge
  4. mass of an atom
  5. atomic number
8. Neutron
  1. n0
  2. In nucleus
  3. Mass of atom
Identifying elements
1. Atomic #= # of protons identity if neutral
2. Mass #= # protons & neutrons mass of atom
3. Atomic number
4. Mass number
Heterogenous mixture
1. Not chemically combined
2. Easily separated physically
3. Retains original properties
Homogenous solution
1. 1 substance dissolved in another
2. Best mixed
3. Solute in Solvent
Compound
1. more than 1 type of atom chemically combined
2. fixed, definite ration
3. same throughout
4. can be easily chemically broken down
Colloids
1. Mixed together, not dissolved
2. Permanently suspended
3. Will not separate upon standing
4. particles constantly colliding= murky/ cloudy
Alloys
1. Metals dissolved in metals
2. stainless steel= iron & chromium
3. brass= copper & zinc

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