CONNECTED SPEECH ELEMENTS

Nota:

• Is a continuous stream of sounds, without clear-cut borderlines between each word and it is reflected in normal conversations (the speech flows with a rhythm), also called Connected discourse.

1. ASPECTS

   Nota:

   • The aspects may help to explain why the written English is different from the spoken one.
   1. Assimilation
   2. Elision
   3. Intrusion
   4. Linking
   5. Junction
   6. Contractions
   7. Five secrets for fast and native English pronunciation
2. STRESS

   Nota:

   • Refers to the most prominent words (where we find the main pronunciation) in a phrase or sentence because English is a stressed-timed language. 
   1. RHYTHM

      Nota:

      • - Is the color and the timing of a language. - Is the life of the pronunciation. 
3. 1) ELISION

   Nota:

   • It means when a sound disappears. Basically, a sound is eaten by other stronger or similar sounds next to it. This often happens with a / t / or / d / sound.
   1. Examples: a) Next door –> Nexdoor b) Dad take –> Datake c)Most common –> Moscommon
   2. Vowel elision

      Nota:

      • - Loss of /Ə/ /i/ /u/ + liquids or nasal. - Aspiration or initial /p/ /t/ /k/.
   3. Consonant elision

      Nota:

      • - Glottalisation /t/. - /t/ or /d/ in consonant clusters followed by a consonant.
4. 3) ASSIMILATION

   Nota:

   • It means two sounds blend together, forming a new sound altogether. This often happens with /t/ and /j/ which make /ʧ/ and with /d/ and /j/ which make /ʤ /.
   1. Examples: a) Don’t you — donʧu b) Won’t you — wonʧu c) Meet you — meeʧu d) Did you — diʤu e) Would you — wuʤu
   2. Depending on which characteristics forces the change (place, coice)
   3. Depending on which consonant affects (regressive or progressive
5. 2) LINKING

   Nota:

   • It happens when the end of a word blends into another (when the last sound of a word is a consonant and the first sound of the next word is a vowel, you get linking).
   1. Exemples: a) I want this orange –> thisorange b) I want that orange –> thadorange c) This afternoon –> thisafternoon d) Is he busy? –> Isi busy? e) Cats or dogs? –> Catserdogs?
   2. Consonant + vowel

      Nota:

      • When a word ends in a consonant sound and is followed by a word that starts with a vowel sound. - All of them.- Stop it / STO PIT.
   3. Geminates

      Nota:

      • They are like twins — two same sounds back-to-back. Often when one word ends with the same letter as the beginning of the next word, you should connect the two words in your speech.
      1. Consonant + consonant

         Nota:

         • When a word ends in a consonant sound and the following word begins in the same or similar consonant sound, you will only pronounce that sound once. - Best time / BESTIME.
6. 4) JUNCTURE

   Nota:

   • It refers to the relationship between one sound and the sounds that immediately precede.
   1. Pronunciation
   2. Exemples: a) Ice cream - I scream b) might rain - my train
7. 5) INTRUSION

   Nota:

   • It means an additional sound “intrudes” or inserts itself between others.  - It is often is a /j/ or /w/ or /r/ sound between two other vowel sounds.
   1. Examples: a) He asked –> Heyasked b) She answered –> Sheyanswered c) Do it –> Dewit d) Go out –> Gowout e) Shoe on –> Shoewon
   2. Types of intrusion

      Nota:

      • - Intrusive/r/ Introducethephoneme/r/inorder easethetransition:media esplotation/əre/.
8. 6) CONTRACTIONS

   Nota:

   •  It occurs where two words combine to the extend that the two are pronounced as one word, or one syllable.   
   1. Exemples: (watch the video and enjoy the game)