THE SOLID PART OF THE EARTH

1. FEATURES

   Nota:

   • - They are inorganic solids - They occur naturally - They have definite chemical composition - They have a crystalline structure (Crystal --- crystallisation
2. PROPERTIES

   Nota:

   • - Hardness: Mohs scale. - Lustre: - Colour: - Streak: - Transparency - Cleavage - Magnetism
3. IMPORTANCE

   Nota:

   • Ores vs extracted metal - See chart "common ores" - ypsum, pigments, gems, noble metals...
4. Definition

   Nota:

   • A naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition and characteristic crystalline structure, color, and hardness.

Nota:

• Are classified according to their: - Origin - Structure - Texture

1. ROCK CYCLE

   Nota:

   • Visit this link: http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html
   1. Sedimentary

      Nota:

      • Types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution.
      • Examples: - Sandtone - Clay - Conglomerate - Limestone - Halite - Gypsum - Coal
   2. Igneous

      Nota:

      • Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
      • Examples: - Granite - Basalt - Obsidian - Pumice stone
   3. Metamorphic

      Nota:

      • Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form".[1] The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure (1500 bars),[2] causing profound physical and/or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary rock, an igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock.
      • Examples: - Limestone in Marble - Clay in Slate - Granite in Gneiss
2. IMPORTANCE

   Nota:

   • USES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK - Conglomerate: gravel, concrete - Sandstone: glass - Clay: bricks and pottery - Gypsum: plaster - Limestone: cement - Coal and petroleum: source of energy
   • USES OF IGNEOUS ROCK - Granite: paving stones USES OF METAMORPHIC ROCK - Slate: roofs - Marble: building, monuments ...
3. Definition

   Nota:

   •   In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.

1. Mineral mining

   Nota:

   • - Underground mining - Open-pit mining
2. Rock mining

   Nota:

   • - Quarries - Gravel pits such gravels - Oil drilling such petroleum - Drilling: such Halite

Nota:

• Follow this links:  https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/18324229/F%C3%ADsica/F%C3%ADsica%20y%20Qu%C3%ADmica%201%C2%BA/The%20Solid%20Part%20of%20The%20Earth/earth.swf
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1. STRESS RESPONSE
2. BY COMPOSITION