A History of Pandemics

Diseases
1. Diseases has been part of the human history. Humans lives since 130,000 years ago, and Bacteria 3.5 billion years ago and viruses 1.5 billion years ago.
2. New techniques of treatment and a big advance in sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition.
  1. Population is healthier and less vulnerable to illness than ever before.
    1. When you get infected and survive you acquire an immunity to the disease
Smallpox
1. Origin: Northeastern Africa about 10,000 years ago; Spread by: airborne via coughing and sneezing; Mortality rate: 30%; Symptoms: fever, vomiting , mouth sores and fluid filled blisters
2. Deaths: Unknown millions
3. Smallpox has caused more suffering and death than any other disease in the human history
  1. 1 in 3 people get this disease
    1. In the smallpox pandemic, whatever treatments were available did not help in nothing
    2. Deities to had been protected the people from smallpox
      1. Sapona in West Africa and Shitala Mata among Hindus
4. It has been found in egyptian mummies from 3,000 years ago
  1. Is mentioned in medical writings from india and China
    1. Killed at least 3 chinese and 2 japanese emperor's
The Antonine Plague
1. Origin: Near East; Spread by: Airborne via coughing and sneezing; Symptoms: Fever, Swelling of the throat, diarrhea and skin eruptions; Mortality rate: 30% - 90%
  1. Affect Area: Roman Empire
    1. Death Rate: 25% of the Roman Empire
2. First appeared among the Roman soldiers and from there spread throughout the Roman Empire in 165 AD
  1. It may have been smallpox or measles
    1. Magic and amulets of protection were very popular to prevent contagion
    2. The Roman Empire never fully recovered
    3. The plague was in honor of the ruler Marcus Aurelius Antonius because at the end of his rule, called the pax romana, the plague began
The Plague of Justinian
1. Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, China; Spread by: Fleas often carried on rodents; Mortality Rate: 80%; Symptoms: Chills, Malaise, Fever, Muscle cramps, Seizures, Gangrene and buboes in the neck, armpits and groin.
  1. Deaths: 5,000 per day
    1. Infected people died in 10 days or less.
2. With the fall of the Roman Empire, the new Byzantine Empire in 541 AD was slammed by the first pandemic of bubonic plague
  1. It was spread by infected fleas in rodents
    1. It is believed that the plague reached Egypt and the infected rats were transported to Constantinople, the capital city of the empire.
      1. 40% of the population of the Byzantine Empire died
        Many workers and farmers died on mass, causing famine and problems for keep the empire
  2. It's named after the Emperor Justinian who survived the bacteria
3. Pneumonic Plague
  1. The plague could also be transmitted through the air, increasing mortality to 90%
4. Septicemia
  1. In rare cases the bacteria could also infect the blood, increasing mortality to 100%.
The Black Death
1. Origin: Central Asia or East Asia; Spread by: Fleas carried by rats; Mortality Rate: 30% - 90% ; Symptoms: Buboes in the groin, the neck and armpits, fever and vomiting of blood
2. Deaths: 1,000 million of people
  1. Victims died within 2 - 7 days of infection
3. In the mid 1300s the bubonic plague returned once more to decimate Europe and Asia
  1. Climate change in Central Asia in 1338 caused rodents to move into areas populated by humans where the fleas they carried spread the disease in the population
    1. India and Mongolia were left depopulated
      1. The bodies of the Mongolian soldiers who besieged Kapha (Crimea) in 1343 were catapulted to infect other people
        Genoese traders jumped in their ships to escape the war in kapha but they unwittingly carried deadly rats with them back home to Italy
        Europe population already weakened by malnutrition, war and other diseases was massacred
    2. Middle East was covered of dead bodies
    3. The word quarantine emerged in Venice referring to the 40 days ships were required to wait for ensure that no carrying the plague
  2. People were begin to draw closer to God and religion dominate the culture during the following centuries to come
Cocoliztli
1. Origin: Possibly Europe; Spread by: Poor hygiene, Fecal matter; Symptoms: Black tongue, Bloody diarrhea, neurological disorders, bleeding from nose, eyes and mouth
  1. Deaths: 5 to 15 million people
    1. It was introduced in 16th century by Europeans with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America
      1. It's relacionated with Ebola Virus
        This disease obliterated much of the population of the aztec empire
        Many Aztec villages and cities were left abandoned
        This disease was thought to be a punishment from God for the hedonism of the Aztecs
        This disease helped the Spanish to destroy the Aztec
      2. But this was not the only disease brought by the Europeans
        Smallpox
        It was introduced to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in 1509
        The indigenous population had no acquired immunity and the disease wiped out thousands with an 80% to 90% mortality rate
        This disease the better part of the 18th century it was the leading cause of death
        New life-saving tecnique was first inventend y ancient China
        Doctors would take pus from an infected person's skin and use it to scratch the skin of a healthy person
        Edward Jenner the father of immunology
        In 1790 his created the first vaccune
        His observed that dairymaids didn't get smallpox because them were already been infected with cow pox virus and it's significantly less severe
        Vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries
        Smallpox the most deadly disease in human history as eradicated in 1979
        Basic principles of his technique are still used today when creating new vaccines against new diseases

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A History of Pandemics

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	Creado por Steven Lozano hace más de 4 años