ENGLISH VERBAL TENSES

PAST
1. PAST SIMPLE
  1. FORM
    1. To form the past simple with regular verbs, we use the infinitive and add the ending "-ed". The shape is the same for all people (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
  2. USE
    1. The simple past is used to talk about a specific action that started and ended in the past.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo principal
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “to be” + “not”
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + “not” + verbo principal (en infinitivo)
2. PAST CONTINUOUS
  1. FORM
    1. To form the past continuous we use the auxiliary verb “to be” and the verb + ing
  2. USE
    1. The continuous past is used for an action unfolding in the past when another action interrupts it.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + verbo+ing
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + “not” + verbo+ing
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Verbo auxiliar (to be) + sujeto + verbo+ing?
3. PAST PERFECT
  1. FORM
    1. As in the present perfect, the past perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb “to have” and the past participle.
  2. USE
    1. We use the PAST PERFECT to refer to an action or event that started in the past and that is prior to another action also in the past.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “had” + participio pasado
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “had” + “not” + participio pasado
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. “Had” + sujeto + participio pasado
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
  1. FORM
    1. As in the present perfect continuous, the past perfect continuous is formed with the auxiliary verb “to have”, “been” and the verb + ing.
  2. USE
    1. We use the continuous perfect past to refer to something we had been doing (in process) when another action interrupted it.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIV
      1. Sujeto + “had” + “been” + verbo+ing
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “had” + “not” + “been” + verbo+ing
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. “Had” + sujeto + “been” + verbo+ing?
PRESENT
1. PRESENT SIMPLE
  1. USE
    1. The present simple is used to talk about things that usually happen. Unlike in Spanish, the present simple is not used to talk about something that is happening at the moment in which we speak.
  2. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo.
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + auxiliar negativo (“not”) + verbo.
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Verbo auxiliar (to do) + sujeto + verbo principal?
  3. FORM
    1. To conjugate the present simple we use the infinitive for the subjects "I", "you", "we" and "they" and for third parties "he", "she" and "it", we add a "-s" to the end of the verb.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
  1. USE
    1. The present continuous is used to talk about something that is happening at the moment in which we speak.
  2. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + verbo+ing
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + auxiliar negativo (not) + verbo+ing
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Verbo auxiliar (to be) + sujeto + verbo+ing?
  3. FORM
    1. To form the present continuous we use the auxiliary verb “to be” and the verb + ing
3. PRESENT PERFECT
  1. FORM
    1. To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb “to have” is used in the present and the past participle of the verb
  2. USE
    1. The present perfect tense is used for actions that occurred at a non-specific time before now.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “not” + participio pasado
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + participio pasado…?
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
  1. USE
    1. We use this time when we want to express the sense of continuity of an action that has started in the past and that still lasts in the present or that has just ended.
  2. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “been” + verbo+ing.
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “not” + “been” + verbo+ing.
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + “been” + verbo+ing?
  3. FORM
    1. As in the present perfect, we use the auxiliary verb "to have" in addition to "been" (the past participle of the verb "to be") plus the verb + ing.
FUTURE
1. FUTURE SIMPLE
  1. USE
    1. The forms "will" and "going to" are used to express the future. The difference between "going to" and "will" is the sense of planning and the probability of an action happening.
  2. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will” + verbo principal.
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will” + “not” + verbo principal
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. “Will” + sujeto + verbo principal?
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
  1. FORM
    1. To form the continuous future, “will be” or “be going to” and the verb + ing are used
  2. USE
    1. The continuous future describes the action that will be in the future and that will be interrupted
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will be” + verbo+ing
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will be” + verbo+ing
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Verbo auxiliar “will” + sujeto + "be"+ verbo+ing…?
3. FUTURE PERFECT
  1. USE
    1. 1. The perfect future is used for actions that will have already been completed before another action in the future.
  2. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will have” + participio pasado
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will” + “not” + “have” + participio pasado
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. “Will” + sujeto + “have” + participio pasado?
4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
  1. USE
    1. We use the continuous perfect future to show that something will continue until another action or time in the future
  2. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will have been” + verbo+ing.
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + “will” + “not” + “have been” + verbo+ing
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. “Will” + sujeto + “have been” + verbo+ing?
5. BE GOING TO
  1. USE
    1. The future is used with "be going to" to express future actions already planned (but not part of an established program).
CONDITIONAL
1. CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
  1. FORM
    1. To form the hypothetical or type 2 conditional sentences (the verb of the subordinate clause will go in the past simple).
  2. USE
    1. To talk about something future that would be in the process of being realized or taking place in the past.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. AFFIRMATIVE
      1. Sujeto + should/ would + be + verbo en forma -ing
    2. NEGATIVE
      1. Sujeto + should /would + not + be + verbo en forma -ing+
    3. INTERROGATIVE
      1. Should/Would + sujeto + be + verbo en forma -ing + ... ?
2. CONDITIONAL PERFECT
  1. USE
    1. El Condicional Perfecto es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir situaciones que habrían sucedido, pero que por algún motivo no ocurrieron.
  2. FORM
    1. El Condicional Perfecto es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir situaciones que habrían sucedido, pero que por algún motivo no ocurrieron.
  3. STRUCTURE
    1. Sujeto + would + have + verbo en participio (I would have worked).

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