Urbanisation(junior cert GEO)

unplanned growth of cities.
Dublin's development
1. Vikings
  1. Anglo-Normans
    1. 16th - 18th century
      1. 19th century
        Capital
Functional zones
1. CBD
  1. main businesses, very expensive
  2. Industrial areas
    1. manufacturing centres, heavy industries
      1. industrial estates - outskirts
    2. Residential areas
Paris
1. primate city
2. CBD-core area of business and shopping
  1. banks, stock exchange, government offices
  2. Shopping activity
    1. Champs Elysées
      1. small shopping areas in suburbs
    2. Residential areas
      1. apartment blocks, satellite towns
      2. Industrial areas
        fashion, printing & publishing, modern industries, car assembly
        Open spaces
        parks, along banks of the Seine
Land values
1. city centre = expensive, multi-storey
  1. suburbs = costs less, large business companies
Residential Accommodation
1. council apartments
  1. terraced housing
    1. expensive town houses
      1. semi-detached homes
        luxury homes
2. Quality
  1. home size- were small now large
    1. modern materials- insulation
Commuting to work
1. rush hour traffic
  1. congestion charges
    1. public transport-nearby,cheap,reliable,fast
      1. Dublin-bus,DART,luas
      2. restricting car use- expensive parking,clamping,pedestrian only streets
Urban problems
1. zones of decline and of sprawl
  1. zone of decline=inner city
    1. unemployment, population decline,authority housing,derelict sites
      1. urban sprawl=uncontrolled spread of the city into the countryside
        invades countryside,concrete jungle,long commuter journeys
        Unemployment
        work near ring roads(suburbs)
        CBD=skilled jobs
        children drop out of school, not computer literate, basic skills
Urban Improvements
1. renewal= knocking down and rebuilding houses/flats for residential purposes
  1. redevelopment= knocking down houses/flats and building hotels,etc(function changes)
    1. Urban renewal: Fatima Mansions
      1. lone parents,poverty,educationally disadvantaged-drop out,unemployment,ill health,drugs
        renewal:new housing,safe community,raising education levels,improving health,training for jobs...
        arts&culture,sport & recreation,facilities,environment awareness
2. Planning of new towns
  1. Tallaght=improved the area
    1. The Square,hospital,LUAS,Tallaght IT,sporting facilities
      1. Adamstown
        new town; near railway,high density, good services, District centre;shops,offices,facilities, sports and parks
Urbanisation in the Developing Worls
1. social & economic inequalities , Unplanned development
  1. Kolkata
    1. social and economic inequalities:CBD=luxurious,wealthy
      1. poor districts:narrow streets, cramped homes
        taxi drivers,tradesmen,factory workers
        they live in Squatter Settlements
    2. Unplanned development: inward migration
      1. Squatter settlements or Shantytowns
        near railways,steep banks,under flyovers,waste land,outskirts
        health risks:no sanitation or running water
        heavy labour:construction,collect recycling,heavy loads

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Urbanisation(junior cert GEO)

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