Genetic Resources in Agriculture

Centre of Origin
1. Domesticated
2. Wild
3. Area: species - first developed distinctive properties
4. 14th century, species: "old" --> 'new'
  1. Old world
    1. South West Asia
    2. Africa
    3. South East Asia
    4. China
  2. New world
    1. Mesoamerica
    2. Andes & South America
5. Cattle Breeds Origin
  1. Milk
    1. Jersey
      1. Jersey
    2. Freisian
      1. Northern Scotland
    3. Holstein
      1. Holland
  2. Beef
    1. Angus
      1. Northern Scotland
    2. Brahman
      1. India
    3. Hereford
      1. England
Germplasm
1. The genetic resources collection of an organism
  1. Plants
    1. Seed Bank
    2. Nursery
  2. Germplasm Bank
    1. Animals
    2. Bacteria
    3. Plants
Biodiversity
1. Total sum of life on the Earth
2. Significance
  1. Indicator of healthy-functioning ecosystems
  2. economic benefits (agribusiness)
  3. aesthetic benefits
3. 3 categories
  1. Ecosystem Diversity
  2. Species Diversity
  3. Genetic Diversity
4. Hotspot
Applications
1. Plants: Altering genetic constitution
  1. Increased yield
  2. Increased pest and disease tolerance
  3. Increased ecological tolerance
6 categories
1. Wild relatives
2. Weedy Relatives
3. Primitive cultivars
4. Modern Cultivars
5. Advanced Breeding Lines
6. Genes from other species
Genetic Variation
1. Sexual recombinant
2. Mutation (rare)
3. Loss of variation
  1. Factors
    1. Modern Domestication - monoculture
    2. Native species loses (invaded by exotic weeds)
    3. Natural extinction
      1. Competition
      2. Disaster
  2. Threats to Biodiversity
  3. Prevention
    1. Ex situ
      1. Gene bank
    2. In situ
      1. Protect natural habitat

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Genetic Resources in Agriculture

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