Stalin's Russia

1. NEP
2. Fear of Bonapartism
3. World REV and Socialism in one Country
4. The Ban of Factions
5. Lenin's Testament

Nota:

• Stage 1 = Triumvirate  Kamenev, Zinoviev and Stalin against Trotsky  Policy issues - World REV Stage 2 = Duumvirate  Stalin and Bukharin against Kamenev and Zinoviev and Trostky   Policy Issues - NEP  Stage 3 = Stalin Rejects NEP and in favour of Rapid industrialisation against Bukharin Tomsky and Rykov 

1. Position = Secretary General and Head of Central Control Commission and Head of ORGBURO
2. Mistakes of the Contenders
3. Manipulation
4. Being Pragmatic

1. First 5YP 1928-1932 = Heavy Industry = Moderately Successful

   Nota:

   • Iron, Coal, Steel and Oil laid foundations for Rearmament Production of Oil and Coal Doubled!  Magnitogorsk 
2. Second 5YP 1933-1937= Consumer Goods and Heavy Industry = Moderately Success
3. Third 5YP = Preparation for War = Moderately Successful

1. By 1939 19 million People left countryside for towns and Cities
2. The amount of Grain Procured More than Doubled
3. Consequences of Collectivisation

   Nota:

   • 1) The effects on Rural Areas  about 10 Million Exiled and 10 Million died in famine 1932-1934 2) Industrialisation and Urbanisation  3) Political Strength of Stalin 

1. Women- Educational Opportunities Expanded = By 1939 they made up half of Population in UNI
2. Women 40% of Industrial Workforce
3. 'Great Retreat' Expected Woman to return to domestic Roles
4. Stalin's Policies Significant But Contradictory pulling women in opposite Directions
5. Family Life
   1. BEFORE- Women Disadvantaged of policies in 1920s = Free Love, Easy Divorced and Communal Living & Divorce Rates were HIGH
   2. AFTER- Stalin's Family code of 1936 Brought Financial and Legal measures to Strengthen Marriage
      1. Adultery= Criminal Offence/Divorce and Abortions more Expensive/Awards were given for amount of Children
         1. Propaganda Expressed Role of MEN to be Devoted Husbands
6. Children
   1. BEFORE- Radical Communists Urged Children to challenge parents and teachers
      1. AFTER- Stalin's Reversed this = Children need to respect GOV and Parents

         Nota:

         • In 1920s EDU stressed Communist Ideals.  In 1931 EDU system was changed = New Curriculum emphasized literacy, maths and Core subjects. - School discipline was harsh to prepare children for future work - Homework was re-introduced and was to be set regularly  - 

1. 1) Stalin's Political Dominance
2. 2) Economic Impact
3. 3) Social Impact

1. Economic Reasons = Industrialisation/NEP's Failure/Still Behind other Countries
2. Political Reasons = Surpass Lenin's Russia & Prepare for War
3. Ideological = Socialism Serve the Working Class

1. Collectivisation = Control over Peasants
2. Reprepression =The Great Terror 1936-1938
3. Five Year Plans =Harsh Discipline

1. The Great Terror 1936-1938
2. Collectivisation = Control over Peasants
3. Social Realism = Totalitarian Culture, it demanded that art forms should be understood and appreciated by the whole people, and should be focused on the importance of the hero as a role model for others. Socialist realism may be illustrated through references to a number of art forms such as literature, music, paintings, sculpture, film and architecture.
4. Stalin's Cult of Personality = was enforced through culture, and by propaganda posters, education, and the renaming of towns, cities, and mountains.

1. Economy - Five Year Plans = Production of Tanks and Aircraft/
2. Russia's Patriotism
3. Lend- Lease 20% of USSR's Output
4. Stalin's Leadership- Reorganising of factories east of Urals/J July 3rd 1941 Speech/Released officers and gave control over decision - making
5. Hitler's Mistakes = Nazi Racism/