Depression: state in which a
person feels overwhelmed with
sadness, loses interest in act.,
and displays other symptoms
such as excessive guilt or
feelings of worthlessness
Unable to
experience
pleasure
Researchers indicate
difficulty concentrating and
subtle changes in
short-term memories...first
signs of on sight depression
MDD: an episode
of intense
sadness that may
last for several
months
psychotic:
defective or
lost contact
with reality
Dysthymia: involves less
intense sadness (and
related symptoms) but
persists with little relief
for a period of 2yrs or
more
Mania &
Bipolar
Depression
Mania: a state in which
the person becomes
euphoric or "high,"
extremely active,
excessively talkative,
and easily distracted
ppl in a manic state
sometimes become
aggressive and hostile
toward others as their
self-confidence grows
Bipolar Disorder: a mood
disorder in which periods of
mania and depression
alternate, sometimes w/
periods of normal mood
intervening
BP 1:
Mania/Mixed
Episode +/-
Depression
BP 2:
Hypomania
Episode +
Depression
Hypomania: ...lasting
at least 4 days. Not
severe enough to
cause distress
Causes
Bio Factors: consistent
evi. that genetic factors
play imp. role in
development of
depression
Twin Studies
research linked mood
disorders to certain
chemical imbalances
w/in brain (high or low
levels of cert.
neurotransmitters)
Psycho Factors:
Maladaptive Cognitive
Distortions: illogical
response to early neg. life
events that lead to
feelings of incompetence
and unworthiness
Social Factors:
Freud viewed
depression as a
result from
excessive and
irrational grief
over a real or
"symbolic" loss