Genetic Engeneering

Nota:

• scientific alteration of genetic material to produce desireable new traits or eliminate undesireable ones

1. Agricultural purposes
2. reproduction
3. medical purposes

1. reproductiv medicine
   1. In vitro fertilisation IVF

      Nota:

      • process by which egg cells are fertilised by sperm OUTSIDE the body in a petri dish and then implanted to the uterus
   2. "Saviour Sibling"

      Nota:

      • In additional tests during the IVF faulty genes are selected or embryous free of mutatuions are chosen to be implanted  --> the healthy sibling is supposed to be a donor for cord-blood stem cell donation
   3. Designer Babies

      Nota:

      • Embryos are genetically altered to include or exclude certain characteristics (EUGENETIC)
2. stem cells
   1. Therapeutic cloning

      Nota:

      • Technique merges a cell from patient with a donor egg --> Nucleus is removed and replaced with nucleus of patient --> resulting stem cells carry the patient's own DNA
   2. reproductive Cloning

      Nota:

      • Resulting embryo is allowed to grow and is implanted into a womb --> clone may develope normally into generically offspring --> reproductive cloning is MOSTLY FORBIDDEN
   3. Advantages
      1. Stem cells can be transferred into any tissue

         Nota:

         • cure diseases, rebuild organs
   4. Disadvantages
      1. Need to use embryonic stem cells (Embryo is destroyed)
      2. New cells might be rejected

1. when does life start?