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The Protectorate,
1653-1659
- Rule by ordinance
- 82 ordinances
- March 1654- a system of triers set
up to examine all clergy before
allowing them to preach.
- Get rid of opponents in
the army, e.g 5th Monarchist,
Harrison
- To improve tax efficiency
- enforced an
Oath of
Loyalty to
the Lord
Protector
- March 1654- a system of triers set
up to examine all clergy before
allowing them to preach.
- 82 ordinances
- 1st Protectorate Parliament
- 1st election in 14 years
- many opponents of the
regime elected, who
questioned its legitimacy
- Refused to confirm
Cromwell's ordinances
- Refused to confirm
Cromwell's ordinances
- many opponents of the
regime elected, who
questioned its legitimacy
- September 1654- Cromwell
created the 'Four
Fundamentals'
- The Recognition: MPs had to recognise the
first of these 4, that government should be run
by an individual and parliament. This forced
out 100 opponents to the regime.
- The Recognition: MPs had to recognise the
first of these 4, that government should be run
by an individual and parliament. This forced
out 100 opponents to the regime.
- DISSOLVED AFTER 5
LUNAR MONTHS
- 1st election in 14 years
- 2nd Protectorate Parliament
- 100 known
republicans/Commonwealthsmen
had been excluded and a further
50 stayed away
- More cooperative than before.
- Reform measures passed to get
the poor to work and against
indecent fashions among
women
- ENDS THE RULE OF THE
MAJOR-GENERALS AND THE
DECIMATION TAX
- More cooperative than before.
- 100 known
republicans/Commonwealthsmen
had been excluded and a further
50 stayed away
- Events
- James Nayler Case
- October 1656- rode into Bristol in an attempt to
recreate Christ's entry into Jerusalem. Quaker.
- Sentenced to life imprisonment,
to be bored through the tongue,
and branded.
- Cromwell wanted to pardon him; this case is an
example of the 2nd PP's relucantance to enforce
toleration
- Cromwell wanted to pardon him; this case is an
example of the 2nd PP's relucantance to enforce
toleration
- Sentenced to life imprisonment,
to be bored through the tongue,
and branded.
- October 1656- rode into Bristol in an attempt to
recreate Christ's entry into Jerusalem. Quaker.
- Penruddock's Rising
- March 1655- A royalist rebellion that was easily put down by the army.
- These events led Cromwell to think that
England had incurred God's wrath and
influenced his decision to enforce the
rule of the major-generals.
- These events led Cromwell to think that
England had incurred God's wrath and
influenced his decision to enforce the
rule of the major-generals.
- March 1655- A royalist rebellion that was easily put down by the army.
- Defeat at the hands of the Spanish
- Trying to defend the religious rights
of English traders in the Caribbean, but the
English ships were turned away by the
Spanish
- Trying to defend the religious rights
of English traders in the Caribbean, but the
English ships were turned away by the
Spanish
- James Nayler Case
- Rule of the Major-Generals
- 1655-7- dissolved at the 2nd PP
- To enforce military rule and Godly Reformation
- They had to enforce the decimation tax: 10% on all
former royalists- not popular of easy to collect as
gentry often looked down upon their general
- Christmas celebrations attacked and pubs closed
- 'suppress all tumults, insurrections, rebellions or other unlawful assemblies'
- They had to enforce the decimation tax: 10% on all
former royalists- not popular of easy to collect as
gentry often looked down upon their general
- 1655-7- dissolved at the 2nd PP
- The Humble Petition and
Advice
- 1657
- Take the title of king and nominate a successor
- New privy council and another house in
parliament, nominated by the Lord
Protector
- Cromwell accepts all the terms, except the title of king- doesn't want to upset God or the army.
- might start another civil war
- God has ruled against the King
- might start another civil war
- £1.3m per year
- 1657
- Aims
- Godly Reformation
- Lead by example to impose Puritan living AND liberty of concience
- Lead by example to impose Puritan living AND liberty of concience
- Healing and settling
- Heal old wounds/ reconcile divided country
- Richard Banister- had owed debt to
landlord but had donated the money
to the Parliamentary cause and then
when Parliament had acquired his
debt, he received some compensation.
- Richard Banister- had owed debt to
landlord but had donated the money
to the Parliamentary cause and then
when Parliament had acquired his
debt, he received some compensation.
- Heal old wounds/ reconcile divided country
- Godly Reformation
- Success?
- Major-generals may have enforced some religious reformation. But otherwise not much Godly Reformation
- System of Triers and Ejectors
improves quality of clergy and
schoolteachers
- System of Triers and Ejectors
improves quality of clergy and
schoolteachers
- Some social reform measures
- Fairly stable government
- although parliaments often uncooperative
- Although Humble Petition and Advice suggests not
a popular regime.
- although parliaments often uncooperative
- Major-generals may have enforced some religious reformation. But otherwise not much Godly Reformation
- The Instrument
- Lord Protector: sole control over FP and the military
- a few checks and balances
- ___________________________
______________________
- ___________________________
______________________
- a few checks and balances
- Parliament meet every 3 years for at least 5 months
- Lord Protector: sole control over FP and the military
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