Child- directed speech (CDS)

Academic term for lang used by adults / caregivers when addressing children
Phonology
1. Separate phrases more distinctly (longer pauses)
2. Speak more s-l-o-w-l-y
3. Exaggerated 'singsong' intonation
4. Exaggerated diff between Q, statements & commands
5. Higher & wider range of pitch
Lexis & semantics
1. Use of concrete nouns (e.g. train, cat) & dynamic verbs (e.g. give, put)
2. Adopt child's own words for things (e.g. wickle babbit)
3. Frequent use of child's name & absence of pronouns
Grammar
1. Repeated sentence frames = 'That's a...'
2. More simple sentences
3. Fewer complex sentences & passives
4. Omission of past tense & inflections
5. More command, Qs & tag Qs = keep convo flowing
6. Use of EXPANSIONS
  1. Where the adult 'fills out' the child's utterance
7. Use of RECASTING
  1. Where child's vocab put into a new utterance
Pragmatics
1. Lots of gestures & body lang
2. Stopping frequently for child to respond
3. Supportive lang
Clarke - Stewart 1973
1. Children whose mothers talk to them more have larger vocab
Nelson 1973
1. Holophrastic stage
2. Children whose mothers corrected them on word choice & pronunciation actually advanced more SLOWLY than those w/ mothers who were gen accepting
Kuhl 1992
1. Studied exaggerated vowel sounds used by parents when speaking to 6 month olds (in Eng, Swedish, & Russian)
2. Babies turn towards adults who speak in sing - song voice, ignoring regular convo
3. Mothers in all 3 countries exaggerated important vowels
IMPORTANT
1. NOT ALL CULTURES USE CHILD - DIRECTED SPEECH
2. In some (non - western) cultures babies are expected to 'blend in' w/ adult interaction & no special accommodation is made
  1. These children STILL go through some developmental stages at roughly some time, as long as there is EXPOSURE to lang

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Child- directed speech (CDS)

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