Beginning of Cold War

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Beginning of Cold War
  1. War of Words
    1. 1946 - Europe divided: capitalism→west→Churchill communism→East→Stalin
      1. Both sides viewed each other as opponents as opponents rather than allies
      2. Secret Telegrams
        1. Truman & Stalin→concerned about breakdown of Grand Alliance & threat of new war. →asked for secret reports from embassies to understand how opponents were thinking→sent as telegrams
        2. Long Telegram 1946
          1. secret report from Kennan→Americas ambassador in Moscow
            1. It reported that:
              1. -Stalin gave speech→destruction of capitalism
                1. -no peace with USSR while it was opposed to capitalism
                  1. -USSR→building up military power
                    1. -USA→should seek to contain communism
                  2. Novikov's Telegram 1946
                    1. Novikov→Soviet ambassador→sent telegram to Stalin→it reported:
                      1. -America desired to dominate world
                        1. -following Roosevelt's death→American government not interested in cooperation with USSR
                          1. -American public→being prepared for war with USSR
                          2. Both governments believed in possibility of war. USSR→believed war with America was inevitable. Stalin→'new Hitler'→preparing for war and had to be stopped
                          3. Verge of Cold War
                            1. Beginning of 1947- Truman→America must stand against communism
                              1. Truman Doctrine
                                1. Truman asked American military to assess strength of USSR's army
                                  1. world had choice between communist tyranny & democratic freedom
                                    1. communism→not allowed to grow/gain territory
                                      1. America→responsibility to fight for liberty where threatened: →send troops to help governments threatened by communists
                                          1. suggested America had responsibility to protect world
                                            1. stated clearly that capitalism and communism were in opposition→no further cooperation between East and West due to ideological differences→marked unofficial end of Grand Alliance and beginning of Cold War
                                              1. America wouldn't invade USSR→make every effort to stop spread of communism
                                            2. America believed USSR was planning world domination & vice versa
                                            3. Marshall Plan
                                              1. containment of communism
                                                1. aimed to beat communism through military force
                                                  1. committed $13billion to rebuild shattered economies of Europe
                                                    1. many countries were keen to receive Marshall aid→16 countries (including Britain and France) welcomed Marshall aid seeing it as way of rebuilding their economy & defeating communism in their own countries
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